cardiovascular system anatomy test Flashcards
(30 cards)
what are the 4 comonents of blood
platelets
red blood cells
white blood cells
plasma
help with blood clotting and wound healing
platelets
responsible for carrying oxygen from lungs to the rest of the body and returning carbon dioxide for exhalation
red blood cells
help fight infection and disease
defense system
White blood cells
Q
transports nutrients, wastes, and hormones throughout the body
plasma
% RBCS
45%
Plasma %
55%
where are formed elements made
bone Marrow
outside layer connective tissue of the heart
epi/pericardium
middle muscle of the heart
myocardium
inner epithelial cell tissue of the heart
endocardium
how are blood types determined
antigens tell your body what type of blood you have Antigen a–> type a blood
Antibodies determine the blood you can receive
what are the four main blood types
A, B, O, AB
what are the blood transfusion rules
Type A blood:
Can receive from A and O.
Can donate to A and AB.
Type B blood:
Can receive from B and O.
Can donate to B and AB.
Type AB blood (universal recipient):
Can receive from A, B, AB, and O.
Can donate to AB only.
Type O blood (universal donor):
Can receive from O only.
Can donate to A, B, AB, and O.
2. Rh Factor Compatibility:
Rh-positive (Rh+) blood:
Can receive from Rh+ or Rh- blood.
Can donate to Rh+ blood only.
Rh-negative (Rh-) blood:
Can receive only from Rh- blood.
Can donate to Rh+ and Rh- blood.
what condition would stimulate an increase in RBCs
low oxygen levels
what condition would stimulate an increase in WBCs
illness or infection
what condition would stimulate an increase in platelets
large wound
why is the circulatory system called a closed circuit
blood stays in circulatory system at all times unless there is an injury
why is the human heart called a double loops
because the blood passes through it twice, once to the lungs to get oxygenation in the blood, and twice to deliver the oxygenated blood to the body
2x for one full circulation
name the 2 major vessels that take blood out of the heart and identify where they lead to
aorta –> body
pulmonary arteries –> lungs
Name the 3 vessles that take blood into the heart and identify where they came from
pulmonary veins: came from lungs
superiror/inferiror vena cava: came from body
how does the patheway of conduciton work within the heart?
SA node (pacemaker) sends a signal
signal spreads across atria
AV node receives the signal
atria contracts
AV node sends signal to the av bundle and bundle branches
signal spreads to the purkinje fibers
ventricles contract
what are the three layers of blood vessels and what are they made of
tunica intima: inner layer, epithelial cells
tunica media: middle layer, smooth muscle cells
tunica externa: outer layer, connective tissue
2 similarities and 2 differences of arteries and veins
Arteries:
thicker muscle to handle high pressure
carries blood away from the heart
Veins:
carries blood to the heart
have valves to prevent backflow
Both:
Both are blood vessels that transport blood throughout the body.
Both are part of the circulatory system
