Anatomy of Bones Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
articular cartilage
A
Covers the external surface of the epiphyses Made of hyaline cartilage Decreases friction at joint surfaces
2
Q
compact bone
A
homogeneous, dense bone
3
Q
diaphysis
A
Shaft, composed of compact bone
4
Q
epiphyseal line
A
What the epiphyseal plate turns into. This allows for lengthwise growth in childhood. New cartilage is made and old cartilage is ossified into bone.
5
Q
epiphysis
A
Ends of the bone, composed mostly of spongy bone
6
Q
periosteum
A
Outside covering of the diaphysis Fibrous connective tissue membrane
7
Q
Name the 3 major components of the axial skeleton
A
Skull Vertebral column bony thorax
8
Q
Define “suture”
A
Where two plates of bone grow and fuse together and are held together by short fibrous cartilage.
9
Q
What is the only joint in the skull which is NOT a suture?
A
The mandible.
10
Q
Name the four major sutures of the skull and what they connect.
A
Sagital suture: parietal bones Squamous suture: temporal bone with parietal bone Lambdoid suture: occipital bone and parietal bones Coronal suture: parietal and frontal bone
11
Q
Name the 8 bones composing the cranium
A
parietal occipital frontal temporal sphenoid zygomatic? mandible? maxilla?
12
Q
What is the bone forming the anterior cranium, or forehead?
A
Frontal bone
13
Q
Skull: Cheekbone
A
zygomatic
14
Q
Skull: upper jaw
A
maxilla
15
Q
Skull: bridge of nose
A
nasal
16
Q
Skull: posterior roof of mouth
A
palatine
17
Q
Skull: bone pair united by the sagittal suture
A
parietal
18
Q
Skull: site of jugular foramen and carotid canal
A
temporal
19
Q
Skull: contains a “saddle” that houses the pituitary gland
A
sphenoid
20
Q
Skull: allows tear ducts to pass
A
lacrimal
21
Q
Skull: forms most of the hard palate
A
maxilla
22
Q
Skull: superior and medial nasal conchae are part of this bone
A
ethmoid
23
Q
Skull: site of external auditory meatus
A
temporal?
24
Q
Skull: has greater and lesser wings
A
sphenoid?
25
Skull: its "holey" plate allows olfactory fibers to pass
ethmoid
26
Skull: facial bone that contains a sinus (4 answers)
sphenoid ethmoid frontal maxillary
27
Skull: its oval-shaped protrusions articulate with the atlas
occipital condyle
28
Skull: spinal cord passes thru a large opening in this bone
occipital
29
Skull: not really a skull bone
hyoid
30
Skull: forms the chin
mandible
31
Skull: inferior part of nasal septum
vomer?
32
Skull: contain alveoli bearing teeth (2)
mandible maxilla
33
Skull: bears an upward protrusion called the rooster's comb
ethmoid
34
Vertebral Column: vertebral type with a bidfid (forked) spinous process
cervical vertebra, typical?
35
Vertebral Column: pivots on C2, lacks a body
axis
36
Vertebral Column: bear facets for articulation with ribs; form part of bony thoracic cage
thoracic vertebra
37
Vertebral Column: forms a joint with the hip bone
sacrum
38
Vertebral Column: vertebra with block like body and short stout spinous process
lumbar vertebra
39
Vertebral Column: "tailbone"
coccyx
40
Vertebral Column: articulates with occipital condyles
atlas
41
Vertebral Column: five components, unfused
lumbar vertebra
42
Vertebral Column: 12 componentes, unfused
thoracic vertebra
43
Vertebral Column: five components, fused
sacrum
44
What kind of tissue makes up the intervertebral discs?
fibrocartilage
45
Name the 3 major components of the bony thorax
vertebral column Ribs sternum
46
Pectoral girdle and upper limb: raised area on lateral surface of humerus to which deltoid muscle attaches
deltoid tuberosity
47
Pectoral girdle and upper limb: arm bone
humerus
48
Pectoral girdle and upper limb: bones of the shoulder girdle (2)
clavicle scapula
49
Pectoral girdle and upper limb: forearm bones (2)
radius ulna
50
Pectoral girdle and upper limb: scapular region to which the clavicle connects
acromion
51
Pectoral girdle and upper limb: shoulder girls bone that articulates with and transmits forces to the bony thorax
caracoid process
52
Pectoral girdle and upper limb: depression in the scapula that articulates with the humerus
glenoid cavity
53
Pectoral girdle and upper limb: process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment
coracoid process
54
Pectoral girdle and upper limb: the "collarbone"
clavicle
55
Pectoral girdle and upper limb: distal condyle of the humerus that articulates with the ulna
trochlea
56
Pectoral girdle and upper limb: medial bone of the forearm in anatomical position
ulna
57
Pectoral girdle and upper limb: wrist bones
carpals
58
Pectoral girdle and upper limb: finger bones
phalanges
59
Pectoral girdle and upper limb: heads of these bones form the knuckles
metacarpals
60
Pectoral girdle and upper limb: bones that articulate with the clavicle (2)
scapula sternum
61
Define "false pelvis"
the top of hip bones and posterior side of pelvic girdle. Not an enclosed circle.
62
Define "true pelvis"
the circle formed by the ischium and pubis bones, this is the birth canal
63
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: \_\_\_, \_\_\_, and ___ fuse to form the coxal bone
ilimum ischium pubis
64
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: "sit down" bone of the coxal bone
ischium
65
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: point where the coal bones join anteriorly
pubic symphysis
66
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: superior most margin of the coxal bone
ilium??
67
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: deep socket in the coxal bone that receives the head of the thigh bone
acetebulum
68
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: joint between axial skeleton and pelvic girdle
sacroiliac joint?
69
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: longest, strongest bone in the body
femur
70
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: thin lateral leg bone
fibula
71
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: heavy, medial leg bone
tibia
72
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: bones forming knee joint (2)
patella tibia
73
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: point where the patellar ligament attaches
tibial tuberosity
74
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: kneecap
patella
75
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: shinbone
tibia
76
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: medial ankle projection
medial melleolus
77
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: lateral angle projection
lateral malleolus
78
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: two largest tarsal bones (2)
calcaneus talus
79
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: ankle bones
tarsals
80
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: bones forming the instep of the foot
metatarsals
81
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: opening in hip bone formed by the pubic and ischial rami
obturator foramen
82
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: sites of muscle attachment on the proximal femur (2)
great and lessor trochanters gluteal tuberosity
83
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: tarsal bone that "sits" on the calcaneus
talus
84
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: weight bearing bone of the leg
tibia? Femur?
85
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia
talus
86
perforating (Sharey's) Fibers
Secure periosteum to underlying bone
87
Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone: Osteon (Haversian system)
A unit of bone containing central canal and matrix rings
88
Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone: Central (Haversian) canal
Opening in the center of an osteon Carries blood vessels and nerves
89
Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone: Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal
Canal perpendicular to the central canal Carries blood vessels and nerves
90
Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone: Lacunae
Cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes) Arranged in concentric rings called lamellae
91
Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone: Lamellae
Rings around the central canal Sites of lacunae
92
Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone: Canaliculi
Tiny canals Radiate from the central canal to lacunae Form a transport system connecting all bone cells to a nutrient supply
93
Osteocytes
mature bone cells
94
Osteoblasts
bone-forming cells
95
Osteoclasts
giant bone-destroying cells Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium in response to parathyroid hormone
96
What is the compact bone’s subunit in the Haversian system that has central and perforating canals?
osteon
97
Fractures: Comminuted
bone breaks into many fragments
98
Fractures: Compression
bone is crushed
99
Fractures: Spiral
ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone
100
Fractures: Epiphyseal
Epiphysis separates from diaphysis
101
Fractures: Depressed
broken bone portion is pressed in
102
Fractures: Greenstick
bone breaks incompletely
103
Fractures: Impacted
broken bone ends are forced into each other
104
4 Stages of Healing Bone Fractures
Stage 1: Hematoma (blood-filled swelling) is formed Stage 2: Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus Stage 3: Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus Stage 4: Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch
105
What is the function of the sinuses?
to make the bones in the head lighter to provide resonance for speech
106
Abnormal Spine Curvature: Lordosis
Swayback, too great of a curve in the lower back.
107
Abnormal Spine Curvature: Kyphosis
too much of a curve in the upper back. Like a hunch developed in older age
108
Abnormal Spine Curvature: Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of the spine. Goes sideways
