Endocrine System

Question 1

What hormones does the pineal gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?

Answer 1

Melatonin

Diurnally regulated: sleep hormone

Question 2

What 2 hormones does the hypothal on post pituitary gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?

Answer 2

Oxytocin, in the uterus: stimulates contraction; milk ejection, “cuddle hormone”

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), in the kidney Tubules: stimulates increased reabsorption of H2O

Question 3

What hormone does the hypothal on Anterior Pituitary gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?

Answer 3

Control of Ant Pit secretions through ‘regulatory hormones

Ant Pituitary

Question 4

What other functions of the hypothal have?

Answer 4

Autonomic/Visceral Control Center
Cognitive center for emotional response/At the heart of limbic system
Body Temperature Regulation
Regulation of Food Intake
Regulation of Water Balance and Thirst
Regulation of Sleep/Wake Cycles
Control of Endocrine System Functioning

Question 5

What are the 2 important hormones of the Anterior pituitary. What function do they serve?

Answer 5

Growth Hormone (GH): anabolic effect on liver, muscle, bone, cartilage, and other issuers.
THyroid: released T3 and T4
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 6

What 3 hormones does the posterior pituitary gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?

Answer 6

Oxytocin (stored from hypothalamus) Uterus: stimulates smooth muscle contraction; Milk ejection
ADH (Stored from hypothalamus): Kidney Tubules: stimulates increased reabsorption of H2O

Question 7

What hormone does the Thyroid gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?

Answer 7

Thyroid Hormone (T3 & T4)	Metabolic control over vitually all cell of body, essential in growth & develop
Calcitonin; Inhibits osteoclastic activity; antagonist is PTH

Question 8

What hormone does the parathyroid gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?

Answer 8

Parathyroid Hormone; Stimulates osteoclastic activity, increase reabsorption of Calcium @ kidney

Question 9

What hormone does the Thymus gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?

Answer 9

Thymopoietine & Thymosin Developmental Immunity; differentiation and maturation of T lymphocytes

Question 10

What hormone does the Adrenal Cortex gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?

Answer 10

Aldosterone; Enhances reabsorption of H20 at kidney
Cortisol Stress Hormone; General Body Cells:mobilze fats, protiens, gluconeogenesis
DHEA Female libido, axillary hair, source of estrogen after menopause

Question 11

What 3 hormones does the Adrenal Medulla gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?

Answer 11

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine Fight or Flight response; Sympathetic like response for prolonged periods

Question 12

What hormone does the Pancreas produce? What is/are its target tissue?

Answer 12

Insulin Storage hormone for CHO & FATS

Glucagon Mobilization hormone for CHO

Question 13

What hormone does the testes gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?

Answer 13

Testosterone: 2 secondary male sex characteristics, maturation of gonads

Question 14

What hormone does the ovaries gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?

Answer 14

Estrogen & Progesterone: secondary female sex characteristics, maturation gonads/breasts

Question 15

Organs w/ Endocrine Functions.

Heart Function

Answer 15

Kidney: Inhibits sodium ion reabsorption & renin release at the kidney

Question 16

Organs w/ Endocrine Functions.

Skin (epidermal cells) Function

Answer 16

Intestines: Stimulates absorption of Calcium into blood

Question 17

Organs w/ Endocrine Functions.

Kidney: Hormones and functions (2)

Answer 17

Erythropoietine (EPO) Bone Marrow: stimulates release of RBCs

Renin Initiates renin-angiotensin mechanism of aldosterone release

Question 18

Organs w/ Endocrine Functions.

Stomach(enteroendocrine): Hormone and functions

Answer 18

Gastrin Stomach: stimulates release of HCl/Digestive Juices

Question 19

Organs w/ Endocrine Functions.

Duodenum small intestine: Function

Answer 19

stimulate activity of pancreas & liver as well as gallbladder

Question 20

Organs w/ Endocrine Functions.

Placenta: Hormone and Function

Answer 20

Estrogen, Progest & HumanChorionicGonadotropin

Corpus Luteum: maintained

Question 21

Organs w/ Endocrine Functions.

Corpus Luteum: Hormone and Function

Answer 21

Progesterone

Myometrium activity quieted; Maturation of mammary glands

Question 22

What endocrine organs are also called exocrine organs?

Answer 22

Pancreas, testes & ovaries

Question 23

Which endocrine organs fall into the neural tissue category? (2)

Answer 23

Hypothalamus & Adrenal Medulla

Question 24

What is target cell specificity?

Answer 24

Hormones affect only certain tissues or organs. These targets must have specific protein receptors. Hormone-binding alters the cellular activity.

Question 25

Humoral stimuli trigger glands to manufacture hormones. Explain and give two examples.

Answer 25

Changing blood levels or certain ions stimulate hormone release. EX: Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin are produced in response to changing levels of blood calcium levels. EX: Insulin is produced in response to changing levels of blood glucose levels.

Question 26

Neural stimuli trigger glands to manufacture hormones. Explain and give an example.

Answer 26

Nerve impulses stimulate hormone release. Most are under the control of the sympathetic nervous system. EX: the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine by the adrenal medulla.

Question 27

Hormonal stimuli trigger glands to manufacture hormones. Explain and give an example.

Answer 27

?

Question 28

Name the major endocrine organs. (9)

Answer 28

``` Pituitary gland thyroid gland parathyroid glands adrenal glands (cortex and medulla) pineal gland thymus gland pancreas ovaries and testes Hypothalamus ```