Anatomy Of Pharynx Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

pharynx is a funnel-shaped muscular tube communicating anteriorly with
the

nasal cavities, the mouth, and with the larynx

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Parts of ghe pharynx?

Nasopharynx (Epipharynx)
Oropharynx (Mesopharynx)
Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

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Nasopharynx (Epipharynx)

Transmits only

air

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Nasopharynx (Epipharynx) The upper part is

widest

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Nasopharynx Found posterior to the

nasal cavities

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Nasopharynx non collapsible

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Oropharynx (Mesopharynx)

Transmits

Air

Food

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Oropharynx (Mesopharynx)

Located behind ?
The middle part is narrow

oral cavity

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narrowest part

The lower part is narrowest

Laryngopharynx

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Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

Located behind the

opening of larynx and posterior

surface of the larynx

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Boundaries of pharynx

Anteriorly

Cont with nasal , oral cavities and larynx

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Boundaries of pharynx

Superiorly (roof):

Base of the skull

sphenoid and occipital bone

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Boundaries of pharynx

Posteriorly

prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia which separates the pharynx cavities and larynx
from the cervical vertebra

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Boundaries of pharynx

Inferiorly

Continuous with the esophagus at the level of C6 vertebra and lower border of cricoid cartilage

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On each side the pharyngeal wall (muscles) is

attached to:

• Medial pterygoid plate, Pterygoid hamulus
Pterygomandibular raphe, Mandible 
• Tongue 
• Hyoid bone 
• Thyroid cartilage
 • Cricoid cartilage

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Nasopharynx Found posterior to

nasal cavity

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Nasopharynx

Roof:

the body of the sphenoid
and the basilar portion of the
occipital bone

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Nasopharynx

Posterio-superior:

pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids

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Nasopharynx

Floor:

soft palate

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Floor of Nasopharynx(soft palate) communicates with

oropharynx
(pharyngeal
isthmus)

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Nasopharynx

Anterior wall:

choanae

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Nasopharynx

Posterior wall:

superior
pharyngeal constrictor muscle

• Nasopharyngeal tonsil –
Adenoid

• Pharyngeal bursa

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• Pharyngeal bursa

Attachment of

Cranial end of notocord

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Pharyngeal bursa————- cartilaginous

tumor

Rarely

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remnant of Rathke’s | pouch of stomodeum

Pharyngeal hypophysis

Nasopharynx | Lateral walls:

Slides

Nasopharynx | Deep to lateral wall:

* Tensor veli palatini muscle * Levator veli palatini muscle * Salpingopharyngeal muscle * Pharyngobasilar fascia

most | common site of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

pharyngeal recess

pharyngeal recess extends

postero-laterally

Nasopharyngeal Mucosa is lined by

ciliated columnar to pseudostratified | epithelium

Nasopharynx Innervated by

pharyngeal branches of pterygopalatine | ganglion

Oropharynx Lined by

stratified squamous non- keratinized epithelium

Oropharynx •————-superiorly to the upper border of the ————-inferiorly, and the —————anteriorly to the posterior wall of the pharynx

Soft palate epiglottis palatoglossal fold

Oropharynx Roof:

soft palate and the pharyngeal isthmus

soft palate and the pharyngeal isthmus Innervated by

IX and X CN

Oropharynx Floor:

1-posterior 1/3 of the tongue and 2-the area between the tongue and the anterior aspect of the epiglottis

Oropharynx Anterior wall:

``` mouth opening (oropharyngeal isthmus) ```

Oropharynx Posterior wall: —————supported by body of—— vertebra and the upper part of the—— vertebra

pharyngeal constrictor muscle C2 C3

Oropharynx | Lateral walls:

1-palatoglossal fold (arch) 2-Palatopharyngeal fold (arch) and the palatine fossa and its contents Pterygomandibular raphe

palatoglossal fold (arch) presents the ———- which contains————-

tonsillar fossa palatine tonsil

Pterygomandibular raphe immediately | anterior to the

palatoglossus muscle

Palatine tonsil | Are found in

``` triangular sinus (palatine fossa) ```

Palatine tonsil | Define

Are two masses of lymphoid tissues (follicles) | covered by the mucous membrane with thickening on the lateral surface

Palatine tonsil | Structure

the capsule and mucous tonsillar glands

Medial surface of palatine tonsil Projects in

oropharynx cavity

Medial surface of palatine tonsil Has small cavities ?

Tonsillar crypts, | Intra tonsillar cleft or pits

Lateral surface of palatine tonsil

• Tonsillar arteries (facial a., ascending palatine a., ascending pharyngeal a. and the lesser palatine a.) • Internal carotid a. • External palatine vein • Para tonsillar vein

To n si l l i t i s | referred pain in

Middle ear

Tonsillectomy can lead to

excessive hemorrhage, loss or taste sensation

ring of tonsils (lymphoid tissue) surrounds the opening of pharynx is called

waldeyer ring.

Laryngopharynx Located behind

larynx

Laryngopharynx Extends superiorly from upper border of——— to lower border of——— inferiorly

epiglottic cartilage cricoid cartilage

Laryngopharynx It continues as——- bellow the level of———- (———- Cervical vertebra)

esophagus cricoid cartilage 6th

Laryngopharynx

IX and X CN-sensory

Laryngopharynx Lined by

stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Laryngopharynx | Anterior wall:

Inlet of the larynx and posterior surface of the larynx (cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage)

Laryngopharynx | Post wall

Pharyngeal constrictor muscles and | bodies of C3 –C6 cervical vertebrae

Laryngopharynx | Lateral walls:

* Thyroid cartilage and associated structures. | * Piriform recess (Fossa) on each side of the posterior larynx

——- passes through this fossa

Internal laryngeal nerve

Piriform recess (Fossa) is a common site for the

lodging of foreign bodies such as | fish bones.

Layers of pharynx from inside to outside:

1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Pharyngobasilar fascia (pharyngeal aponeurosis) 4. Muscular layers (overlapping layers) • 3 inner longitudinal mm • 3 outer circular (constrictors) mm 1. Buccopharyngeal fascia

3 outer circular muscle layers:

* Superior constrictor muscle * Middle constrictor muscle * Inferior constrictor muscle

3 longitudinal muscles:

• Salpingopharyngeus • Palatopharyngeus • Stylopharyngeus

All Muscle layers of the pharynx take origin anteriorly and their fibers course laterally and posteriorly to the midline where they meet each other at the

pharyngeal raphe

Inferior constrictor has two parts

thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus

constrictor mm are lined on their • internal surface by—— • external surface by———

pharyngobasilar fascia buccopharyngeal fascia

Superior Constrictor | Action

contributes to closing the oropharyngeal | isthmus and pushing the bolus downward

Superior Constrictor | Innervation

by CN X through the pharyngeal | plexus

Middle Constrictor | Action

contributes to pushing the bolus | downward

Middle Constrictor | Innervation

by CN X through the | pharyngeal plexus

Inferior Constrictor

Is the thickest of all the three constrictors of | pharynx.

Inferior Constrictor | Forms floor of

carotid triangle of neck

Inferior Constrictor Related to medial surface of

lobe of thyroid gland

Inferior Constrictor | Innervation

by CN X through the pharyngeal | plexus

Inferior Constrictor | Action

contributes to pushing the bolus | downward.

Inferior Constrictor | Origins

• Thyropharyngeal part - Oblique line and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage • Cricopharyngeal part - Side of the arch of cricoid cartilage

``` Thyropharyngeal part is propulsive in action while cricopharyngeal part (lowest fibers of the inferior constrictor) acts as a sphincter of the lower pharyn ```

When thyropharyngeal part contracts crocipharyngeal | part relaxes to allow bolus of food into oesophagus

Killian's dehiscence (Killian's triangle) is a triangular area in the wall of the pharynx between the

cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus

pharyngeal (Zenker’s) diverticulum posteriorly

Because of neuromuscular incoordination, when thyropharyngeus contracts, cricopharyngeus does not relax

Thyropharyngeus: | • is innervated by

pharyngeal plexus

Cricopharyngeus: • is innervated by

recurrent laryngeal nerve (p branch ofvagus)

Structurespassing through The gap btw base of skull and pharyngeal • Sinus of Morgagni ascending pharyngeal artery • Space between the •Structures passing superior constrictor,

Anatomy Of Pharynx Flashcards

(82 cards)