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GI 4th Year > Pathology Of Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Pathology Of Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Caries Cause

A

destruction of tooth structure by acid end products of sugar or fermentation by
bacteria

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2
Q

Gingivitis

A

reversible inflammation of the mucosa surrounding the teeth

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3
Q

Gingivitis associated with buildup of

A

dental plaque and calculus

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4
Q

Periodontitis

A

chronic inflammatory condition that can lead to the destruction of the supporting
structures of the teeth with eventual loss of dentition

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5
Q

Periodontitis associated with

A

poor oral hygiene and altered oral microbiota.

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6
Q

Aphthous ulcers

Aka

A

Canker sores

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7
Q

Aphthous ulcers (Canker sores)

A

superficial mucosal ulcerations painful and often recur

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8
Q 
Aphthous ulcers (Canker sores)
Cause
A

unknown cause but tend to be familial

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9
Q

Aphthous ulcers (Canker sores) association wit

A

celiac disease,

inflammatory bowel disease, and Behçet disease

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10
Q

Aphthous ulcers (Canker sores)

common sites:

A

inside of lips, tongue, soft palate, gum-lip crease

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11
Q 
Aphthous ulcers (Canker sores)
Morphology
A

shallow white/gray sores with a red edge (rimmed by narrow zone of erythema), solitary
or multiple

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12
Q

Normal Tonsils

A

small and not visible/ prominent

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13
Q

Acute Tonsillitis

A

Symmetrically enlarged and reddened tonsils

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14
Q

Chronic Tonsillitis

A

tonsils can be shrunk

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15
Q

asymmetric tonsils can suspect

A

pharyngeal cancer

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16
Q

Viral

Tonsillitis

A 
adenovirus, 
rhinovirus, 
influenza, 
coronavirus, and 
respiratory syncytial virus
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17
Q

Bacterial

Tonisilitis

A

Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus

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18
Q

Diff btw viral and bacterial

A

viral: swelling, redness
Bacterial: exudate

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19
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

Cause

A

EPV

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20
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

Sypmtoms

A

Classic triad:
fever,
pharyngitis,
lymphadenopathy

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21
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

Gross

A

gray-white exudative membrane

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22
Q

Monospot test?

A

detects heterophil antibodies caused by EBV

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23
Q

Diphtheria caused by

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria (C diphtheria) → bacilli

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24
Q

Diphtheria forms

A

Pseudomembrane in any portion of the respiratory tract

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25
Q

Diphtheria

A

respiratory failure

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26
Q

Scarlet fever

Caused by ?

A

Group A β-hemolytic streptococci

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27
Q

Scarlet fever sypmtoms

A

fever, Pharyngitis, rash, strawberry tongue

28
Q

Herpes simplex infections (oral)

HSV1 can cause:

A

oral herpes/ cold sores/ fever blisters( swelling that contains watery fluid)

29
Q

HSV-1 is usually transmitted by

A

saliva in childhood

30
Q

Herpes simplex infections is Self-limited but can becoome latent in

A

sensory nerve ganglion cells → recurrence if

Triggered by ……

31
Q

HSV-2 usually causes———, but oral HSV-2 is increasing due to

A

genital herpes

changing sexual
practices

32
Q

Primary infection of HSV in children is usually asymptomatic but can manifist as

A

acute herpetic gingivostomatitis with

abrupt onset of vesicles and ulcerations

33
Q

Most adults harbor latent HSV-1, and the virus can be reactivated, resulting in

A

cold sore” or recurrent herpetic stomatitis.

34
Q

Recurrent lesions appear as

A

groups of small vesicles,
(The lips (herpes labialis), nasal orifices, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and
hard palate are the most common locations)

35
Q

The infected cells become?
intranuclear inclusions.

Adjacent cells commonly?

A
  • ballooned and have large eosinophilic

- fuse to form large multinucleated polykaryons.

36
Q

Herpes simplex infections Microscopy:

A

molding (blending/fusing nuclei), multinucleated giant cells, inclusion
bodies (cowdry A), ground glass (cowdry B)

37
Q

Oral candidiasis is known as

A

thrush

38
Q

Oral candidiasis

Predisposing factors:

A

immunosuppression, broad-spectrum antibiotics (alter microbiota
and promote candidiasis)

39
Q

Clinical forms of oral candidiasis:

A

pseudomembranous, erythematous, hyperplastic

40
Q

Pseudomembranous (thrush)

A

superficial gray to white
inflammatory membrane composed of matted organisms enmeshed in an exudate that
can be scraped off (white spots or patches that can be scraped off)

41
Q 
Oral candidiasis (thrush)
Microsco
A

pseudohyphae / budding

42
Q

Fibromas

A

submucosal nodular fibrous tissue masses

43
Q

Fibromas formed when

A

chronic irritation results in reactive connective tissue hyperplasia

44
Q

Fibromas most often on the

A

buccal mucosa along the bite line

45
Q

Pyogenic granuloma

A

inflammatory lesion in gingiva of children, young adults, and pregnant women
(pregnancy tumor),

proliferation of immature vessels

46
Q

Lesions in Pyogenic granuloma characterized by ?

A

richly vascular and ulcerated, which gives them a red to purple color

47
Q

Pyogenic granuloma

may regress, mature into

A

dense fibrous masses,

peripheral ossifying
fibroma

48
Q

Premalignant lesions of oral mucosa

A

Leukoplakia

Erythroplakia

49
Q

Leukoplakia

A

white patch in the oral cavity or plaque that cannot be scraped off

50
Q

Leukoplakia Can be dysplastic and increase risk of

A

SCC (squamous cell carcinoma)

51
Q

Leukoplakia Histology

A

mostly no dysplasia, thick keratin layer

52
Q

Erythroplakia

A

red, velvety, eroded lesion that is flat or slightly depressed

53
Q

Erythroplakia

  • risk for malignant
  • age/gender
  • cause
  • histology
A
  • more risk than leukoplakia
  • 40-70, male
  • multifacgorial (tobacco)
  • dysplasia with nuclear and cellular pleomorphism
54
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) Common locations:

A

tongue, floor of mouth, lower lip, soft palate, gingiva

55
Q

SCC arise from two distinct pathogenic pathways:

A
  1. exposure to carcinogens (chronic alcohol, tobacco (smoked or chewed), betel
    quid/paan): cause mutations in TP53 and RAS
  2. infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV-16)
    (tumors often overexpress p16, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor )
56
Q

(HPV-16)

tend to occur

A

tonsillar crypts or the base of the tongue

57
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

Microscopy:

A

hyperkeratinized pearls

58
Q

SCC morphology

A

Early cancers: appear as raised, firm, pearly plaques or roughened, verrucous mucosal
thickenings

As lesions enlarge, they form ulcerated protruding masses that have irregular borders

59
Q

SCC Infiltrates locally then metastasizes to

Sites of distant metastasis:

A

cervical lymph nodes

lungs, liver

60
Q

ameloblastoma arise from

A

odontogenic epithelium.

61
Q

Autoimmune diseases:

o SLE →

A

oral ulcers

62
Q

o Scleroderma →

A

pursed lips and mask-like facies

63
Q

o Sjogren syndrome →

A

fissured tongue

64
Q

Hematologic

o Iron deficiency anemia →

A

atrophy and pallor of the mucosa and atrophic glossitis

65
Q

o Pernicious anemia →

A

erythema of the tongue (magenta tongue)

66
Q

o Hematopoietic neoplasms and coagulopathies→

A

hemorrhages and gingival bleeding

67
Q

• Systemic infections:

HIV related oral manifestations:

A

GI 4th Year (11 decks)

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