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GI 4th Year > Pathology Of Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Pathology Of Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Congenetal (salicary glands)

A

Heterotopia

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2
Q

Heterotopia

A

Salivary gland tissue present in areas it’s not supposed to be)

Intranodal or extranodal (mandible, ear, tonsil, pituitary, thyroid)

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3
Q

Acquired (salivary glands)

A

Sialadenosis
Obstructive disorders
Inflammatory Disorders

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4
Q

Sialadenosis

A

Bilateral, painless enlargement of salivary glands

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5
Q

Causes of Sialadenosis

A

▪ Nutritional (Alcoholism, Cirrhosis, Kwashiorkor and Pellagra
▪ Endocrine (Diabetes, Thyroid disease, Gonadal dysfunction)
▪ Neurochemical (Vegetative state, Lead, Mercury, Iodine, Thiouracil)

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6
Q

Obstructive disorders

A

1-mucocele
2-ranula
3-sialolithiasis

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7
Q

Mucocele

A

Cyst filled with mucus and lined by granulation tissue

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8
Q

Mucocele usually in

A

Small glands in lower lip

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9
Q

Mucocele characterstics

A

Small
Bluish
Transparent
Rupture and reform

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10
Q

Mucocele microscpy

A

Granulation tissue surrounding extravasated mucus

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11
Q

Ranula

A

Type of mucocele in the floor of the mouth

blue dome shaped swelling in the floor of mouth (FOM)

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12
Q

Rabula in ——— mucocele

A

Larger

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13
Q

Conse of ranula

A

Elevate tongue

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14
Q

Ranula ( distinguish it from a midline dermoid cyst)

A

Located lateral to the midline

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15
Q

Sialolithiasis

A

Stones in the salivary glands that result in a mechanical obstruction of the salivary duct

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16
Q

Sialolithiasis is a major cause of

A

unilateral diffuse parotid or submandibular gland swelling

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17
Q

most common site of sialolithiasis

A

submandibular gland

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18
Q

Sialolithiasis Usually post-inflammatory (due to

A

increased viscosity of the secretions)

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19
Q

Sialolithiasis on x-ray

A

Radiopaque

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20
Q

Sialolithiasis

A

swelling, pain at meal time (Due to increased salivation when eating

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21
Q

Sialolithiasis cause

A

correlation with smoking and gout

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22
Q

Predisposing factors to salivary gland infection:

A

▪ Duct obstruction by stones (sialolithiasis)
▪ impacted food debris
▪ edema consequent to injury
▪ Dehydration and decreased secretory function (predispose to bacterial invasion)
▪ Extremes of age
▪ Poor oral hygiene

23
Q

Acute Sialadenitis:

Most causaitve agent

A

mostly bacterial (e.g. s. aureus)

ascending infection from the mouth

24
Q

Acute Sialadenitis often affects

A

Major glands

More common in parotid

25
Q

Why Acute Sialadenitis is more common in oatitid

A

because they’re serous

(Mucoid saliva contains elements
that protect against bacterial infection)

26
Q

Acute Sialadenitis:

Gross

A

gland is red and tender, pus coming out of the duct

27
Q

Chronic Sialadenitis:

Causes

A

MTB/ recurrent sialadenitis

28
Q

recurrent sialadenitis → patients who have:

A
  1. duct obstruction
  2. hyposecretion of saliva (xerostomia)
  3. ascending infection:
29
Q

Chronic Sialadenitis:

Microscopy

A

prominent inflammatory cell infiltrates, increased replacement of
parenchyma with adipose cells, periductal fibrosis and ductal dilation

30
Q

Viral sialadenitis:

Causes

A

EBV, CMV, Mumps (paramyxovirus)

31
Q

Mumps

A

Upper respiratory infection (droplet) —> incubation period (2-3 wks) —> viremia
(during which patient presents with fever) —> localize in certain tissues (salivary
glands, testes, CNS)

32
Q

Mumps gross

A

uni/bilateral painful swelling of parotid gland

33
Q

Mumps microsco

A

interstitial lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate

34
Q

Mumps rare complicatins

A

orchitis, menigoencephalitis, pancreatitis, arthritis, May be
serious in adults –> sterility & deafness

35
Q

Lst common immunilogic disorder associated with salivary

gland dissase

A

Sjogren’s syndrome:

36
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome:

A 
autoimmune disorder characterized by keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes)
and xerostomia (dry mouth)
37
Q

Primary Sjogren’s syndrome:

A

without other connective tissue disease (but frequently associated with involvement of other organs, including the thyroid, lung and kidney)

38
Q

Secondary Sjogren’s syndrome:

A

associated with other connective tissue disorders (SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, polymyositis)

39
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome

Pathogenesis

A

lymphocyte-mediated destruction of the exocrine glands → dry eyes and dry mouth

40
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome: 90% cases in ?

Average age of onset?

A

women

50 yrs

41
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome may progress to

A

B cell lymphoma

42
Q

Mikulicz syndrome:

A

combination of salivary and
lacrimal gland inflammatory enlargement
(usually painless) and

xerostomia

43
Q

Mikulicz syndrome

Causes

A

sarcoidosis,
leukemia,
lymphoma, and
idiopathic lymphoepithelial hyperplasia

44
Q

Xerostomia

A

dry mouth - from decrease production of saliva

45
Q

Xerostomia increased incidence with increased

A

age

46
Q

Xerostomia

Causes

A 
autoimmune disorders (Sjögren syndrome), radiation therapy, side effect of
medications
47
Q

Xerostomia gross

A

Oral cavity shows dry mucosa and/or atrophy of tongue papillae with fissuring and
ulcerations

48
Q

Xerostomia Complications

A

increased dental caries and candidiasis, as well as difficulty in swallowing
and speaking

49
Q

Salivary gland tumors:

  • Uncommon, usually in ——— predominance
  • Mostly (75%) in——- gland
A

adults, slight female

parotid

50
Q

Proportion of malignant and benign varies with the gland of origin:

A

Parotid: Most common site but tumors here are mostly benign

Submandibular and sublingual: Less common sites but higher percentage of malignancy

51
Q

Pleomorphic adenomas originate from

A

Intercalated duct cells and

Myoepithelial cells

52
Q

Oncocytic tumors originate from

A

Striated duct cells

53
Q

Acinous cell tumors originate from

A

Acinad cells

54
Q

Mucoepidermoid tumors and SCC develop in the

A

Excretory duct

GI 4th Year (11 decks)

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