Anatomy of the larynx Flashcards by Alice Scholfield

State the structures in order that lie from nasal cavity to larynx

Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

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What is contained in the upper airway

Nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx (larynx)

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Is the larynx anterior or posterior to pharynx

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What are the anterior borders of the nasal cavities

Nostrils/ cartilaginous septum

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What is the posterior border of the nasal cavity

Nasopharynx

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What is the inferior border of the nasal cavity

Hard palate

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What bones make up the lateral borders of the nasal cavities (7)

Nasal, maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, inferior concha bone, palatine, sphenoid

Narwhales Mainly Live (in) England, Ireland, Paris and Spain

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What bones make up the superior border of the nasal cavity (4)

Nasal bone, frontal bone, cribiform plate of ethmoid, sphenoid

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What are the superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae also known as

Nasal turbinates

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What bones make up each of the nasal conchae

Superior and middle are ethmoid

Inferior is its own bone

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What do you call the spaces below the conchae

Meatuses

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Why does your nose run when you cry

Because the nasolacrimal duct drains into the inferior meatus

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What covers the conchae/ meatuses

Ciliated respiratory epithelium

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Describe the arterial supply to the nasal sinuses

1) Branches from the external carotid artery via maxillary and facial arteries
2) Branches from the internal carotid artery via the opthalmic artery

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Describe venous supply to nasal sinuses

Branches to maxillary and facial veins drain to external jugular vein
Branches to opthalmic vein drain into the cavernous sinus

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What is the proper word for nosebleed

Epistaxis

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What % of nosebleeds are anterior and what structures are responsible for this

90%

Kisselback plexus

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What is Kisselback plexus

Anterior anastomosis of 5 blood vessels

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Describe the innervation to nasal sinuses (3)

1) CN1– special sensory (smell)
2) CN V1- opthalmic division of trigeminal- general sensory
3) CN V2- maxillary division of trigeminal. general sensory

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What is the eustachian tube

Tube connecting the middle ear to the nasopharynx

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What lines the eustachian tube

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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What opens the eustachian tube and when

Palantine muscles

Yawning/ swalloing

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What are the functions/ uses of opening the eustachian tube

Equalisation of pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane
Drains mucus from middle ear

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What are paranasal sinuses

Air filled spaces within the facial skeleton, continuus with the nasal cavity

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What are the names of the 4 paranasal sinuses

Frontal Ethnoidal Sphenoidal Maxillary

What lines paranasal sinuses

Respiratory epithelium

Whats the semilunar hiatus

Opening of frontal, maxillary and anterior ethoidal sinuses

Whats the ethmoid bulla

Opening of middle ethmoid sinus

What are exudate

The white puss filled spots on tonsils in tonsilitis

What 2 systems is the pharynx part of

Resp | Digestive

What forms the shape of the pharynx

2 sets of 3 muscles; - 3 outer circular muscles - 3 inner longitudinal muscles

What nerves supply the pharynx

IX and X

What arteries/ veins supply/ drain pharynx?

Arterial from branches of ECA | Venous drainage to branches if IJV

What are the names of the 3 outer circular muscles that form the pharynx

Inferior, middle and superior constrictor muscles

What are the names of the 3 inner longitudinal muscles that form the pharynx

Stylopharyngeus Salingophayngeus Palatopharyngeus

What is the nasopharynx

Part of the pharynx that is the base of the skull to the soft palate. Behind the nasal cavity

What is the oropharynx

Soft palate to epiglottis | Behind oral cavity

What is the laringopharynx

Epiglottis to ifnerior border of cricoid (behind larynx)

Describe the sensory innervation of each parts of the pharynx

Naso: CNV2 Oro: CN IX Laringo: CN X

What is the motor innervation of the pharynx

All of the muscles are supplied by CN X, except from the stylopharyngeus which is supplied by CN IX

Between which spinal levels is the larynx found

C3-C6

What makes up the larynx

9 cartilages, connecting ligaments, muscles and vocal cords

What are the functions of the larynx

Phonation | Protection of lower airway

What arteries supply the larynx

Superior laryngeal artery (comes off ECA) and inferior laryngeal artery (comes off thyrocervical trunk)

Name the 3 unpaired cartilage that make up the larynx

Epiglottis Thryoid Cricoid

Name the 3 paired cartilages that make up the larynx

Arytenoid Corniculate Cuneiform

Which cartilage is mainly responsible for stopping aspiration into trachea

Epiglottis | It closes over laryngeal inlet during swallowing

What ligaments can be seen posteriorly in the larynx

Lateral/ medial thyrohoid ligament Median cricothyroid ligament Cricotracheal ligament

2 'groups' of extrinsic muscles to larynx

Suprahyoid | Infrahyoid

Name the suprahyoid muscles

Mylohyoid Geniohyoid Stylohyoid Digastric

Name the infrahyoid muscles

Sternohyoid Omohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid

What intrinsic muscles are involved in phonation

Thyroarytenoid Posterior and lateral circo-arytenoid Transverse and oblique arytenoid Vocalis

What intrinsic muscle is involved in determining pitch of voice

Cricothyroid

What is adams apple

Laryngeal prominence of thyroid cartilage

What is inferior to adams apple

Cricoid cartilage

What is the site of a cricothyroidotomy

Inbetween the crycothyroid ligament

What are the vestibular folds

Mucous membrane encasing vestibular ligaments | Protective function

What is the rima vestibuli

Space between vestibular ligaments

What are the vocal folds

Mucous membrane encasing vocal ligaments

What is the rima glottidis

Space between vocal ligaments

What is the glottis

Vocal apparatus of the larynx including vocal folds, ligaments, rima glottidis

How does larynx appear in normal respiration

Rima glottidis is a narrow wedge shape

How does larynx appear in forced respiration

Abduction of vocal ligaments to create wide, triangular rima glottidis

How does larynx appear during phonation

Adducted arytenoid cartilages and adducted vocal ligaments | Air forced across vocal ligaments produces vibrations

How does larynx appear during whispering

Abducted arytenoid cartilages | Adducted vocal ligaments

What does the superior laryngeal nerve split into

Internal and external laryngeal nerve

What is the action of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Motor to all intrinsic muscles except cricothyroid Sensory everywhere below vocal cords PHONATION

What is the action of the external laryngeal nerve

Motor to cricothyroid muscle | Pitch

What is the action of the internal laryngeal nerve

Sensory innervtion to area above vocal cords

What are the signs/ symptoms/ consequences of damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve

- Paralysis of all muscles except cricothyroid - Vocal cord unable to abduct/ open - Hoarseness, stridor, resp distress

What are the signs/ symptoms/ consequences of external laryngeal damage

Paralysis of cricothyroid - Weak voice with low pitch, reduced range - Voice tires easily

What is endotracheal intubation

Insertion of plastic tube via mouth, past vocal cords into trachea

Anatomy of the larynx Flashcards

(72 cards)