Valvular disease Flashcards
(42 cards)
Define mitral valve prolapse
2mm or more systolic prolapse of one or both valve leaflets
Prevelance of mitral valve prolapse?
2-3% of population
What is meant by myxamatous degeneration>
Deterioration of connective tissue esp in mitral valve
What happens to the mitral valve in people with mitral valve prolapse
It prolapses back into the left atrium during systole
What are the signs of mitral valve prolapse
Ejections click
Late systolic murmur
Name 3 causes of aortic stenosis
- Calcific disease
- Congenital bicuspid valve
- Rheumatic disease
Name the symptoms of aortic stenosis (5)
- Dyspnoea
- Angina
- Syncope
- Left ventricular failure
- Sudden death
Why is there dyspnoea in aortic stenosis
Increased diastolic pressure in still non- compliant left ventricle
Why is there angina in aortic stenosis
Increased oxygen demand of hypertrophied left ventricle
Why is the syncope in aortic stenosis?
Either due to paroxysmal ventricular arrythmias or exertional cerebral hypoperfusion
Why is the left ventricular failure in aortic stenosis
Contractile failure as ventricle dilates
Why can sudden death occur in aortic stenosis
Ventricular arrythmias
3 signs of aortic stenosis
- Slow rising carotid pulse
- S4 noise with or without ejection click
- Ejection systolic murmu
3 indications for surgery to treat aortic stenosis?
- Any symptoms of AS
- Echo evidence of worsening LV dilation
- Peak systolic pressure gradient >50mmHg
Define aortic stenosis
Narrowing of aortic valve opening
Define aortic regurgitation
Blood goes back from aorta to left ventricle
What aortic valve leaflet diseases can lead to aortic regurgitation (4)
- Calcific disease
- Congenital bicuspid valve
- Rheumatic disease
- Infective endocarditis
What aortic root dilating diseases can lead to aortic regurgitation
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Marfan syndrome
- Aortic dissection
Symptoms of aortic regurgitation
- Often none
- Dyspnoea
- Angina
Why can dyspnoea be seen in aortic regurgitation
Contractile failure as ventricle dilates
Why can angina be seen in aortic regurgitation
- Dyspnoea due to contractile failure as ventricle dilates
- Angina due to increased oxygen demand of dilated and hypertrophied LV
Signs of aortic regurgitation (3)
- Rapidly rising carotid pulse
- Early diastolic murmur
- Ejection murmur
Why is there a rapidly rising carotid pulse in aortic regurgitation
Vigorous ejection of volume loaded left ventricle
Why can an early diastolic murmur be heard in aortic regurgittaion
Aortic backflow
