Oxygen and respiratory failure

Question 1

What is shown in the oxygen cascase?

Answer 1

How oxygen declines from atmosphere to the mitochondria

Question 2

How do you calculate p02 of inspired dry air at sea level

Answer 2

Concentration of oxygen in air* barometric pressure

Question 3

What value is normal for p02 of dry air at sea level?

Answer 3

21.2pka

Question 4

Define tracheal gas

Answer 4

P02 after humidification

Question 5

What is Fi02

Answer 5

Fractional concentration of oxygen in dry phase

Question 6

What is PB

Answer 6

Barometric pressure

Question 7

What is SVP

Answer 7

Saturated vapour pressure

Question 8

What is dry barometric pressure

Answer 8

Barometric pressure* saturated vapour pressure

Question 9

What is the value for p02 in air at 37 degrees

Answer 9

19.9kPA

Question 10

Define saturated vapour pressure

Answer 10

Max amount of water gas will hold

Question 11

What order does oxygen cascade go in

Answer 11

Dry air
Air at 37 degrees
End expiratory gas
Ideal alveolar gas
Arterial blood
Mean capillary blood
Cytoplasm
Mitochrondria

Question 12

What affects alveolar p02

Answer 12

Affected by hypoventilation and oxygen consumptions

Question 13

Two equations for PA02 (ideal alveolar pressure)

Answer 13

dry barometric pressure* (Fi02-VO2/VA)

= Pi02-(Paco2/R)

Question 14

What is Pi02

Answer 14

pp of inspired oxygen

Question 15

When is arterial P02 measured

Answer 15

During arterial blood gas

Question 16

Define shunt

Answer 16

Area of the lung that is perfused but not ventilated

Question 17

What determines alveolar to arterial PO2 difference?

Answer 17

Shunting

Question 18

What is the usual difference from p02 in alveolar to arterial

Answer 18

2kPa

Question 19

Equation for normal Pa02

Answer 19

=13.6-(0..044*age in years)

Question 20

What units are used to measure oxygen delivery?

Answer 20

l/min

Question 21

Equation for oxygen delivery

Answer 21

[Hb]* oxgen sat 13.410*CO of Hb

Question 22

5 physiological changes that happen in resp failure

Answer 22

CO2 retention
Increased sympathetic tone
End organ hypoxia
Haemoglobin desaturated
Resp. concentration

Question 23

Signs of CO2 retention

Answer 23

Bounding pulse

CO2 retention flap

Question 24

Signs of increased sympathetic tone

Answer 24

Tachycardia
Sweating
Hypertension

Question 25

Signs o haemoglobin desaturation

Answer 25

Cyanosis

Question 26

Signs of end organ hypoxia

Answer 26

Altered mental state Bradycardia Hypotension

Question 27

Signs of resp concentration changes

Answer 27

Intercostal/ suprasternal recession Tachypnoea Nasal flaring Use of accesory muscle

Question 28

What is type 1 respiratory failure

Answer 28

- Only hypoxaemia | - Pa02<8kPa

Question 29

Overall reason that type 1 respiratory failure happens

Answer 29

Damage of the lungs which prevents adequete oxygenation of blood

Question 30

9 causes of type 1 resp failure

Answer 30

- Pneumothorax - Collapse - Obesity - Pneumonia - Pulmonary oedema - Atelectasis - Asthma - PE - COPD

Question 31

What is type 2 respiratory failure

Answer 31

Hypooxaemia and hypercapnia Pa02<8kPa PaCO2> 6.5kPa

Question 32

Main cause of type 2 resp failure

Answer 32

Hypoventilation

Question 33

First line treatment for respiratory failure

Answer 33

Oxygen

Question 34

When are nasal cannulae used

Answer 34

In patients with normal vital signs

Question 35

When are face masks with resevoir bag used

Answer 35

Higher 02 concentration is needed

Question 36

When are venturi masks used

Answer 36

Controlled treatment in long term in resp failure

Question 37

What is the critical threshold for pulse oximetry and what happens beneath this

Answer 37

94% | Below this a small fall in Pa02 leads to a sharp fall in Sp02

Question 38

What % of COPD patients retain CO2

Answer 38

10

Question 39

How should you treat a COPD patient if you are certain he retains CO2

Answer 39

- Controlled mask - Titrate - Aim for sats 90-92% - Measure ABGs

Question 40

How should you treat COPD patient if youre unsure if he retains COPD

Answer 40

Starts high flow oxygen Monitor Check ABGs after 30 mins

Question 41

Is ventilation used for hypercapnea or hypoxia

Answer 41

Hypoxia