Anatomy Of The Throat

Question 1

Primary function of the oral cavity

Answer 1

Digestive organ

Question 2

How do the tongue and palate aid speech

Answer 2

Modify sound from the larynx

Question 3

Where is the oral vestibule located

Answer 3

Between the internal surface of the lips and external surfaces of the teeth

Question 4

Where is the oral cavity proper located

Answer 4

Between the internal surface of the teeth and the oropharynx

Question 5

role of the palate

Answer 5

forms a division between the nasal and oral cavities

Question 6

what are the 2 parts of the palate

Answer 6

hard and soft palate

Question 7

what is the hard palate made of

Answer 7

bone

Question 8

what is the soft palate made of

Answer 8

muscle fibres covered by a mucous membrane

Question 9

name the 3 foramina in the hard palate

Answer 9

incisive canal, greater and lesser palatine foramen

Question 10

what passes through the incisive canal

Answer 10

nasopalatine nerves

Question 11

what passes through the greater palatine foramen

Answer 11

greater palatine nerve and vessels

Question 12

what passes through the lesser palatine foramen

Answer 12

lesser palatine nerve

Question 13

what innervates the soft palate

Answer 13

lesser palatine nerve

Question 14

sensory innervation of the oral cavity

Answer 14

branches of the trigeminal nerve

Question 15

what does the greater palatine nerve supply

Answer 15

most of the glandular structures of the hard palate

Question 16

what does the nasopalatine nerve innervate

Answer 16

the mucous membrane of the anterior hard palate

Question 17

secretomotor innervation to the oral cavity

Answer 17

facial nerve, chorda tympani branch

Question 18

what innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Answer 18

CN 9

Question 19

general sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 19

lingual nerve of CN V3

Question 20

special sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 20

CN 7, via chorda tympani

Question 21

what produces saliva

Answer 21

major and minor seromucous glands

Question 22

name the 3 major salivary glands

Answer 22

parotid, submandibular and sublingual

Question 23

how does the parotid gland secrete into the mouth

Answer 23

by the upper 2nd molar

Question 24

how does the submandibular gland secrete into the mouth

Answer 24

via the lingual caruncle

Question 25

parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland

Answer 25

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 26

innervation of the sublingual and submandibular glands

Answer 26

CN 7 and V3

Question 27

histology of salivary glands

Answer 27

exocrine glands made up of secretory acini

Question 28

what do mucinous acini of the salivary glands secrete

Answer 28

mucin (lubricant)

Question 29

what do serous acini of the salivary glands secrete

Answer 29

digestive enzymes e.g. amylase

Question 30

what is waldeyers tonsillar ring

Answer 30

ring of lymphoid aggregation in the subepithelial layer of the oropharynx and nasopharynx

Question 31

name the 4 types of tonsils

Answer 31

palatine tonsils (tonsils) pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) lingual tonsils tubal tonsils

Question 32

where are the lingual tonsils located

Answer 32

within the submucosa of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Question 33

arterial supply to the lingual tonsils

Answer 33

lingual artery

Question 34

innervation of the lingual tonsil

Answer 34

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 35

location of the pharyngeal tonsil

Answer 35

located in the midline of the nasopharynx

Question 36

tubal tonsil

Answer 36

lymphoid tissue around the opening of the Eustachian tube in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

Question 37

arterial supply of the tubal tonsils

Answer 37

ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 38

what is the fossa of rosenmuller

Answer 38

space created lateral to the adenoid and posteromedial to the eustachian tube orifice

Question 39

main function of the adenoids and tonsils

Answer 39

trap bacteria and viruses on inhalation to expose these organisms to the immune system

Question 40

histology of palatine tonsils

Answer 40

specialised stratified squamous epithelium with deep crypts and lymphoid follicles

Question 41

histology of the adenoids

Answer 41

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with some stratified squamous epithelium and also a transitional layer deep to the SS layer

Question 42

what are the divisions of the pharynx

Answer 42

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 43

where is the nasopharynx located

Answer 43

posterior to the nasal cavity to soft palate

Question 44

where is the oropharynx located

Answer 44

soft palate to superior border of the epiglottis

Question 45

where is the laryngopharynx located

Answer 45

superior border of the epiglottis to inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

Question 46

innervation of the pharyngeal muscles

Answer 46

vagus nerve except stylopharyngeus which is innervated by CN 9

Question 47

role of outer layer of pharyngeal muscles

Answer 47

forces bolus of food inferiorly

Question 48

describe the 2 layers of pharyngeal muscles

Answer 48

outer circular and inner longitudinal layer

Question 49

role of the inner layer of pharyngeal muscles

Answer 49

elevates the larynx and shortens the pharynx

Question 50

what is the outer layer of pharyngeal muscles composed of

Answer 50

3 pairs of constrictor muscles

Question 51

what is the inner layer of pharyngeal muscles composed of

Answer 51

3 pairs of longitudinal muscles stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus

Question 52

what is in the parapharyngeal space

Answer 52

pharyngeal plexus formed by CN 9 + 10

Question 53

what are the 3 phases of swallowing

Answer 53

oral phase, pharyngeal phase and oesophageal phase

Question 54

what is the laryngeal skeleton

Answer 54

a collection of 9 cartilages located within the neck

Question 55

what is the laryngeal skeleton suspended from

Answer 55

the hyoid bone by fibrous membranes

Question 56

what is the laryngeal skeleton made from

Answer 56

hyaline cartilage EXCEPT for the epiglottis which is elastic cartilage

Question 57

why is it useful for the epiglottis to be made from elastic cartilage

Answer 57

allows swallowing and direction of food away from the airway

Question 58

what are the 3 main functions of the larynx

Answer 58

aids respiration- passage of air into the lungs protects from aspiration generates vibrations to aid with phonation

Question 59

what lines the internal larynx

Answer 59

respiratory mucosa

Question 60

name the 3 main regions of the internal larynx

Answer 60

laryngeal vestibule, laryngeal ventricles, infra-glottic region

Question 61

what divides the 3 regions of the larynx

Answer 61

vestibular fold and vocal fold

Question 62

what is another name for the vestibular fold of the larynx

Answer 62

false vocal chord

Question 63

what is another name for the vocal fold of the larynx

Answer 63

true vocal chord

Question 64

role of extrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 64

move the larynx superiorly and inferiorly

Question 65

what is special about the hyoid bone

Answer 65

only bone in the body not directly connected to another bone

Question 66

what does movement of the hyoid bone facilitate

Answer 66

swallowing and speech

Question 67

what can muscles attached to the hyoid bone be divided into

Answer 67

supra and infrahyoid groups

Question 68

how many infrahyoid muscles are the

Answer 68

4

Question 69

name the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 69

Sternohyoid Omohyoid Thyrohyoid Sternothyroid

Question 70

how many suprahyoid muscles are there

Answer 70

4

Question 71

name the suprahyoid muscles

Answer 71

Digastric muscle Mylohyoid Geniohyoid Stylohyoid

Question 72

what do the intrinsic muscles of the larynx control

Answer 72

the shape of the rima glottidis and the length and tension of the vocal chords

Question 73

innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 73

recurrent laryngeal nerve EXCEPT the cricothyroid muscle

Question 74

innervation of the cricothyroid muscle

Answer 74

a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Question 75

proximal attachment of the cricothyroid muscle

Answer 75

anterolateral cricoid cartilage

Question 76

distal attachment of the cricothyroid muscle

Answer 76

inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

Question 77

action of the cricothyroid muscle

Answer 77

tenses vocal ligament increasing pitch

Question 78

proximal attachment of the thyroarytenoid muscle

Answer 78

posterior thyroid

Question 79

distal attachment of the thyroarytenoid muscle

Answer 79

anterior arytenoid cartilage

Question 80

action of thyroarytenoid muscle

Answer 80

relaxes vocal ligament decreasing pitch

Question 81

proximal attachment of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Answer 81

muscular process of arytenoid

Question 82

distal attachment of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Answer 82

anterior cricoid cartilage

Question 83

action of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Answer 83

adducts vocal ligaments

Question 84

proximal attachment of oblique and transverse arytenoid muscles

Answer 84

one arytenoid cartilage

Question 85

distal attachment of oblique and transverse arytenoid muscles

Answer 85

another cricoid cartilage

Question 86

action of oblique and transverse arytenoid muscles

Answer 86

adducts vocal ligaments to narrow the laryngeal inlet

Question 87

proximal attachment of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Answer 87

posterior cricoid cartilage

Question 88

action of posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Answer 88

only abductor of the vocal chords

Question 89

distal attachment of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Answer 89

muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

Question 90

innervation of mucosa below the vocal chords

Answer 90

internal laryngeal nerve

Question 91

innervation of mucosa below the vocal chords

Answer 91

inferior laryngeal nerve