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otolaryngology > Hearing Loss > Flashcards

Hearing Loss Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What is a perforated tympanic membrane associated with

A

Acute otitis media

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2
Q

What can cause a perforated tympanic membrane

A

Trauma

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3
Q

Clinic presentation of perforation

A

Sudden severe pain followed by bleeding from the ear, hearing loss and tinnitus

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4
Q

2 main investigations for perforation

A

Audiology and Otoscopy

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5
Q

Audiometry in perforation

A

Conductive hearing loss

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6
Q

Management of perforation

A

Usually heals spontaneously
Surgical repair if symptomatic with recurrent discharge

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7
Q

What is otosclerosis

A

Hereditary condition in which bony deposit is within the stapes footplate and cochlear lead to gradual conductive hearing loss

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8
Q

When is otosclerosis usually seen

A

2nd - 3rd decade

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9
Q

Who is otosclerosis more common in

A

Females - linked to high oestrogen

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10
Q

Pathophysiology of otosclerosis

A

Fixation of the stapes footplate

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11
Q

Clinical presentation of otosclerosis

A

Gradual onset hearing loss

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12
Q

Classic finding when investigating otosclerosis

A

Carharts notch at 2KHz

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13
Q

Investigation of otosclerosis

A

Audiometry

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14
Q

Management of otosclerosis

A

Hearing aids
Stapedectomy

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15
Q

What is presbycusis

A

Degenerative disorder of the cochlear resulting in hearing loss

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16
Q

When does presbycusis usually present

A

Old age

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17
Q

What causes presbycusis (3)

A

Loss of outer hair cells
Loss of ganglion cells
Strial atrophy

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18
Q

Clinical presentation of presbycusis

A

Gradual onset hearing loss

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19
Q

Investigation for presbycusis

A

Audiometry

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20
Q

Audiometry in presbycusis

A

Higher frequencies affected most
Usually sensorineural hearing loss

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21
Q

Management of presbycusis

A

High frequency specific hearing aid

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22
Q

What is vestibular schwannoma

A

Rare benign tumour of the CN8 nerve sheath

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23
Q

Where does vestibular schwannoma arise

A

Internal auditory meatus

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24
Q

What has vestibular schwannoma been associated with

A

Extensive exposure to excessively loud noise

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25
What do you need to consider in a young patient with bilateral vestibular schwannoma
Neurofibromatosis type 2
26
Where do vestibular schwannoma occur
Within the temporal bone
27
Gross appearance of vestibular schwannoma
Circumscribed white/tan/yellow mass
28
What are the 2 growth patterns associated with vestibular schwannoma
Antoni A and B
29
Clinical presentation of vestibular schwannoma
Progressive sensorineural unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus Imbalance in larger tumours Compression of Trigeminal nerve can cause facial numbness
30
Investigation for vestibular schwannoma
MRI
31
Definitive management of vestibular schwannoma
Surgical excision
32
What is another name for otitis media with effusion
Glue ear
33
What is glue ear
Inflammation of the middle ear with an accumulation of fluid WITHOUT symptoms and signs of acute inflammation
34
Who usually gets glue ear
Children
35
When is the most common time to get glue ear
2-8
36
What is associated with glue ear
Eustachian tube dysfunction or obstruction
37
Common organisms associated with glue ear
Strep pneumo H, influenza Moraxella
38
Risk factors for glue ear
Day care, older siblings, smoking household, recurrent URTI, prematurity, immunodeficiency
39
Causes of glue ear in adults
Rhinosinusitis Nasopharyngeal carcinoma or lymphoma
40
Symptoms of glue ear
Often asymptomatic !!! May present with hearing loss: poor performance or bad behaviour at school No otalgia
41
Clinical signs of glue ear
Middle ear effusion TM retraction and discolouration Impaired TM mobility
42
Investigations for glue ear
Otoscopy Tuning fork tests: conductive hearing loss
43
Management of glue ear
Watchful waiting
44
When do you refer a patient with glue ear
Persistent bilateral OME Conductive hearing loss Speech/language problems Behavioural problems
45
General management of glue ear
Grommets
46
Secondary intervention of glue ear
Adenoidectomy
47
Complications of grommets
Infection/discharge Early extrusion Retention Persistent perforation Swimming/bathing issues
48
What is the most common tumour of the ear
Squamous cell carcinoma
49
What is squamous cell carcinoma of the ear associated with
Chronic inflammation or radiation
50
Clinical presentation of squamous cell carcinoma on the ear
Firm red nodules and sores on the skin of the ear Discomfort Hearing problems, tinnitus, vertigo
51
Name some other tumours of the ear
Meningioma Middle ear adenoma
52
How does noise-induced hearing loss look on Audiometry
Sensorineural hearing loss Dip at 4 KHz
53
Name some drugs that can induce hearing loss
Gentamicin Cisplatin Vincristine Aspirin and NSAIDs
54
How do we classify hearing loss
Based on which part of the auditory system is affected Sensorineural, conductive or mixed
55
What is sensorineural hearing loss
No significant air-bone gap on audiogram
56
What are other names for sensorineural hearing loss
Sensory, cochlear or inner ear hearing loss
57
How does sensorineural hearing loss occur
Damage to the hair cells within the cochlear or the hearing nerve
58
Name some other causes of sensorineural hearing loss
Trauma, Ménière’s, vestibular schwannoma, loud sounds, genetics, complications at birth
59
What is conductive hearing loss
Significant air-bone gap on an audiogram
60
What causes conductive hearing loss
Usually as a result of sounds not being able to pass freely to the inner ear
61
Presentation of conductive hearing loss
Fluctuating hearing loss
62
Name some causes of conductive hearing loss
Otitis media and externa, perforation, cholesteatoma
63
What is mixed hearing loss
Combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, meaning there’s damage in the outer or middle ear and the inner ear

otolaryngology (18 decks)

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