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otolaryngology > Mouth Diseases > Flashcards

Mouth Diseases Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Describe herpes simplex virus

A

An enveloped double stranded DNA virus

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2
Q

How is HSV1 transmitted

A

Oral secretions during close contact

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3
Q

Who gets primary gingivostomatitis

A

Primary school children

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4
Q

Clinical presentation of primary gingivostomatitis

A

Systemic upset (fever, local lymphadenopathy)
Vesicles and ulcers on lips, buccal mucosa and hard palate
May take up to 3 weeks to resolve

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5
Q

Most frequent manifestations of a primary HSV infection

A

Pharyngitis, gingivostomatitis

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6
Q

When do primary infections present following HSV exposure

A

2-12 days

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7
Q

Pathophysiology of HSV infection

A

Inoculation at mucosal surfaces
Viral replication in epidermis and dermis and infection of nerve endings
Latent infection establishes in the sensory ganglia
Reactivates intermittently

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8
Q

What can cause reactivation of a latent HSV infection

A

Immunodeficiency, stress, exposure to sunlight, fever, trauma

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9
Q

Recurrent form of HSV infection

A

Herpes labialis

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10
Q

What’s another name for herpes labialis

A

Cold sores

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11
Q

What is herpetic whitlow

A

HSV infection of the finger

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12
Q

Risk factors for herpetic whitlow

A

Occupational hazards for dentists and anaesthetists

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13
Q

How can we prevent herpetic whitlow

A

WEAR GLOVES

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14
Q

Complication of HSV

A

Herpes simplex encephalitis

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15
Q

Clinical presentation of herpes simplex encephalitis

A

Rapid onset of fever, headache, seizures, focal neurological signs, impaired consciousness

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16
Q

Investigation for HSV

A

Swab and PCR

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17
Q

Management of symptoms of HSV

A

Acyclovir

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18
Q

What is herpangina

A

Viral infection which causes fever and faithful papilla-vesiculo-ulcerative oral exanthem

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19
Q

What commonly causes herpangina

A

Coxsackie virus (enterovirus)

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20
Q

How do we transmit coxsakie virus

A

Oral ingestion of virus that is shed from the GI or URT of infected individuals

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21
Q

who does herpangina usually affect

A

Children

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22
Q

Clinical presentation of herpangina

A

High fever
Vesicles and ulcers in the soft palate
Hyperaemia and yellow/greyish papulovesicular lesions

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23
Q

Investigation of herpangina

A

PCR

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24
Q

Management of herpangina

A

Supportive: usually self limiting

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25
What causes hand foot and mouth disease
Coxsackie virus
26
How does hand foot and mouth disease present
Oral exanthem and a macular, maculopapular or vesicular rash of the hands and feet
27
Investigation for hand foot and mouth disease
PCR
28
Management of hand foot and mouth disease
Supportive
29
How do we acquire primary syphillis
Direct sexual contact with the infectious lesions of another person
30
Clinical presentation of primary syphillis
Mainless indurated ulcers at the site of entry of bacterium treponema pallidum
31
Where is primary syphillis usually seen
Most commonly genital but can also be oral and pharyngeal
32
Where (geographically) is mucosal leishmaniasis usually seen
Africa and the americas
33
How does mucosal leishmaniasis present
Involvement of mucosal tissues of the nose, oral cavity, and the pharynx by leishmania spp
34
Where is Behçet’s disease commonly seen
Middle East and Asia
35
Most common feature of Behçet’s disease
Recurrent oral ulcers
36
Other features of Behçet’s disease
Genital ulcers and uveitis
37
How is Behçet’s diagnosed
Recurrent oral ulcers at least 3 times a year plus 2 of the following: Recurrent genital ulcers, eye lesions, skin lesions, positive pathergy test
38
Name some drugs which can cause mouth ulcers
NSAIDs, beta blockers and sulfonamides
39
Name some skin diseases that can present with oral ulcers
Lichen planus, pemphigus, pemphigoid
40
What’s another name for aphthous uclers
Canker sores
41
What are aphthous ulcers
Recurrent small, shallow, painful sores that form on the inside of the mouth
42
Where in the mouth can you get aphthous ulcers
Inside of the lips and cheeks or underneath the tongue
43
When do aphthous ulcers begin
In childhood
44
Risk factors of recurrence of aphthous ulcers
Genetics, trauma, stress, smoking cessation, hormonal imbalance, diet
45
What other condition are aphthous ulcers linked to
Coeliac disease
46
How long do aphthous ulcers last
Less than 3 weeks
47
Clinical presentation of aphthous ulcers
Ulcers are round and have inflammatory halos Confined to mouth No systemic disease
48
What is another name for candidiasis
Oral thrush
49
What is candidiasis
Fungal mouth infection
50
What causes candidiasis
Candida albicans
51
Risk factors for candidiasis
Post antibiotics, immunosuppression, smokers, inhaled steroids
52
Clinical presentation of candidiasis
White patches on red, raw mucous membranes in the throat and mouth
53
Management of candidiasis
Nystatin or fluconazole
54
What does squamous cell papilloma arise from
Stratified squamous epithelium
55
Incidence of squamous cell papilloma
<5 years and between 20-40
56
What is squamous cell papilloma linked to
HPV exposure - types 6,11
57
How does squamous cell papilloma present
Painless lesion
58
Where do squamous cell papilloma commonly present
Mucosa of the hard and soft palate
59
What do squamous cell papillomas look like macroscopically
Exophytic, sessile or pedunculated mass
60
Microscopic presentation of squamous cell papilloma
Finger like projection, fibrovascular core covered by stratified squamous epithelium
61
Management of squamous cell papilloma
Most cases do nothing Management options: cryotherapy, topical salicylic acid and surgical excision

otolaryngology (18 decks)

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