Define anatomy and describe & explain the levels at which anatomy can be studied.
Anatomy is the scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structures—for example, the shape and size of bones. In addition, anatomy examines the relationship between the structure of a body part and its function.
Anatomy can be studied at different levels;
Developmental anatomy
Gross anatomy
Surface anatomy
It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.
It can be divided into microscopic anatomy or gross anatomy(macroscopic)
A subspecialty of developmental anatomy, considers changes from conception to the end of the eighth week of development.
Embryology (em-brē-ol′ō-jē)
Define Embrology.
A subspecialty of developmental anatomy, considers changes from conception to the end of the eighth week of development.
Define Cytology and Histology.
Cytology (sī-tol′ō-jē; cyto, cell) examines the structural features of cells, and histology (histol′ō-jē; hist, tissue) examines tissues, which are composed of cells and the materials surrounding them.
Studies the structural changes that occur
between conception and adulthood.
Developmental Anatomy
Define Developmental Anatomy.
Studies the structural changes that occur between conception and adulthood.
Define Gross Anatomy.
Gross anatomy, the study of structures that can be examined without the aid of a microscope, can be approached either systemically or regionally.
Define Surface Anatomy.
Surface anatomy involves looking at the exterior of the body to visualize structures deeper inside the body. For example, the sternum (breastbone) and parts of the ribs can be seen and palpated (felt) on the front of the chest.
Uses radiographs (x-rays), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures.
Anatomical imaging
Define System.
System is a group of structures that have one or more common functions, such as the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, skeletal, or muscular systems. In systemic anatomy, the body is studied system by system. In regional anatomy, the body is studied area by area.
What is Anatomical anomalies?
Physical characteristics that differ from the
normal pattern.
What is Blue baby syndrome?
Certain blood vessels arising from an infant’s heart are not attached in their correct locations; blood is not effectively pumped to the lungs, and so the tissues do not receive adequate oxygen.
Define physiology and describe the levels at which
physiology can be studied.
Physiology is the scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things. The major goals when studying human physiology are to understand and predict the body’s responses to stimuli and to understand how the body maintains conditions within a narrow range of values in a constantly changing environment.
Physiology can be considered at many levels; Cell physiology Systemic physiology Neurophysiology Vascular physiology Pathology Exercise physiology
Examines the processes occurring in cells.
Cell physiology
Considers the functions of organ systems.
Systemic physiology
What is Neurophysiology and cardiovascular physiology?
Neurophysiology focuses on the nervous system, and cardiovascular physiology deals with the heart and blood vessels.
What is Pathology?
is the medical science dealing with all aspects of disease, with an emphasis on the cause and development of abnormal conditions, as well as the
structural and functional changes resulting from disease.
Focuses on the changes in function and structure
caused by exercise.
Exercise physiology
Became the first medical scientist to use x-rays to see inside the body.
Wilhelm Roentgen (1845–1923)
Explain the importance of the relationship between
structure and function.
Function and structure are related, because of a certain structure a living thing make contain makes the object function the way it does. The relationship of a structure and function is the structuring levels from molecules to organism ensure successful functioning in all living organism and living system.
Explain the importance of the relationship between structure and function. Cite an example that explains this relationship.
Structure refers to how the (body) is put together-bones, muscles, tendons and ligaments. Then onto the organ structure, down to the cellular level. Function refers to how (the body) work. What does it do? Example Structure of an organ- the largest in the human body epidermis(skin). Function regulates body temperature, expands to allow body movement, cools the body temperature, houses nerve endings, enabling to feel pressure or pain.
