Anatomy & Physiology of The Cardiovascular

Question 1

What is the Cardiovascular system a bulk flow system of

Answer 1

O2 and CO2
Nutrients
Metabolites
Hormones
Heat

Question 2

What is two characteristics of the cardiovascular system

Answer 2

Reliable

Flexible

Question 3

What two pumps make up the cardiovascular system

Answer 3

Pulmonary circulation

systemic circulation

Question 4

What features allow the cardiovascular system to be flexible

Answer 4

pump can vary output
vessels can redirect blood
vessels can store blood

Question 5

What is the benefits of the parallel arrangement of the vascular bed

Answer 5

All tissues get oxygenated

allows the regional redirection of blood

Question 6

What is the benefit of the serial arrangement of the vascular bed

Answer 6

allows hormones to directly reach target rather than being diluted in the blood

Question 7

Portion of cardiac output going to each region corresponds with oxygen consumption in each of these with the exceptions of cardiac output is bigger than its O2 consumption in:

Answer 7

the skin

The kidney

Question 8

Why is the oxygen consumption of the cardiac output to the kidney alot smaller in comparison to how much is being delivered

Answer 8

as the blood goes to the kidneys through the process of filtration

Question 9

What organ groups uses 20% cardiac out put and 20% oxygen consumption

Answer 9

skeletal muscle - uses on demand

Question 10

Why does the skin have a higher cardiac out put than oxygen consumption

Answer 10

as uses the cardiac output for thermoregulation

Question 11

Why is the heart percentage oxygen consumption higher than its percentage cardiac output

Answer 11

The heart is continuously working hard therefore has a high demand ??

Question 12

How is the flow of blood determined?

Answer 12

flow is proportional to pressure difference and inversely proportional to resistance

Question 13

What is the pressure difference between

Answer 13

mean arterial pressure - central venous pressure

Question 14

What controls the resistance of the flow

Answer 14

the radi of the blood vessels

Question 15

How do arterioles control resistance

Answer 15

They act as taps

Question 16

What is an example of an elastic artery

Answer 16

the aorta

Question 17

What is the capability of elastic arteries

Answer 17

store energy allowing for pressure variations

Question 18

What is the structure of elastic arteries

Answer 18

wide lumen

with lots of elastic fibres in the tunica media

Question 19

What is the structure of muscular arteries

Answer 19

wide lumen,

No elastic fibres in the tunica media but surrounded by internal and external elastic lamina

Question 20

What is the property of muscular arteries

Answer 20

low resistance conduit

Question 21

What is another name for arterioles

Answer 21

resistance vessels

Question 22

What is resistance vessels made up of

Answer 22

Thick smooth muscle - (contractile wall)

Narrow lumen

Question 23

What does the thick contractile wall of the arterioles allow control of

Answer 23

regional redirection of blood as can control resistance due to contractions

Question 24

What kind of vessels are capillaries

Answer 24

exchange vessels

Question 25

What is the structure of capillaries

Answer 25

Very thin wall Narrow lumen (leads to greater surface area)

Question 26

What is the capacitance vessels made up of?

Answer 26

Venules and veins

Question 27

What is the structure of capacitance vessels

Answer 27

``` wide lumen, distensible wall (swollen) smooth muscle (however less than arteries) ```

Question 28

What factor of capacitance venuels allows fractional distribution of blood

Answer 28

low resistance conduit/ reservoir | allows the storage of blood

Question 29

Where is most of the blood volume contained

Answer 29

2/3 kept in the veins

Question 30

why must blood be stored

Answer 30

as excess needs to be available be expelled form th heart due to exercise or heat

Question 31

What separates the heart

Answer 31

the septum

Question 32

What is the wall of the heart called

Answer 32

Myocardium

Question 33

What does the superoir and inferior vena cave flow blood into

Answer 33

Right atrium

Question 34

What is the name of the right ventral AV valve

Answer 34

Tricuspid valve

Question 35

What blood vessels is deoxygenated blood pushed though leaving the right ventricle

Answer 35

Pulmonary artery

Question 36

What blood vessels does oxygenated blood return to the heart from the lungs through

Answer 36

Pulmonary vein

Question 37

What is the name of the left ventral AV valve

Answer 37

Mitral valve | bicuspid valve

Question 38

What is the function of thechordae tendinae

Answer 38

cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heary and prevents them inverting

Question 39

What controls the opening and closing of the heart valves

Answer 39

The valves are passive, open and close due tot he pressure differences

Question 40

Where is papillary muscle located and what do they attach to

Answer 40

located in the ventricles of the heart - attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (also known as the mitral and tricuspid valves)

Question 41

How does papillary muscles prevent valve inversion

Answer 41

contracts

Question 42

What allows output from right and left side of | heart to be equal

Answer 42

the series arrangements of the pumps

Question 43

what creates passive valves

Answer 43

papillary muscle | chordea tendon

Question 44

What valves are present in the aorta and pulmonary

Answer 44

semi lunar valves