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Cardiovascular system SA > First look at an ECG > Flashcards

First look at an ECG Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

Where is the different standard leg limbs measured from

A

SLL I = left arm wrt right arm
SLL II = left leg wrt right arm
SLL III = left leg wrt left arm

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2
Q

In an ECG what does the P wave correspond to

A

atrial depolarisation

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3
Q

In an ECG what does the QRS complex correspond to

A

ventricular depolarisation

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4
Q

In an ECG what does the T wave correspond to

A

Ventricular re-polorisation

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5
Q

A wave of approaching depolarisation cause what on an ECG

A

an upward Blip

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6
Q

What events record better on an ECG

A

Fast events

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7
Q

What does an ECG look for

A

Look for disorders of rhythms or conduction

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8
Q

What is examples of disorder or rhythms of conduction

A

atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation,

ventricular fibrillation

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9
Q

What is the action of a defibrillator

A

puts all cells into refractory period so that they can restart conduction

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10
Q

A typical ECG shows what limb lead

A

Standard limb lead II recording from the left leg (+) with respect to the right arm (-)

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11
Q

If a wave of depolarisation moves towards left leg(+) what outcome does this show on the ECG

A

Positive blip

as creates a positive potential in relation to the arm

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12
Q

If a wave of depolarisation moves towards the right arm (-) what is the outcome on the ECG

A

Negative blip

as a positive wave is moving towards the negativity of the arm = negative potential

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13
Q

If a wave of re-polarisation moves toward the right arm what is the outcome of the ECG

A

Positive blip,

a negative wave is moving towards the negativity of the arm = cancel each other out creating a positive potential

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14
Q

What is the PR interval and what is it mainly due to

A

Time from artirial depolarisation to ventricular depolarisation

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15
Q

What is PR interval mainly due to and how long is transmission

A

transmission through AV node

~0.1-0.2 sec

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16
Q

What is the QRS and how long does this take

A

Time for the whole of the ventricle to depolarise

(~ 0.08 sec)

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17
Q

What does the QRS prove

A

How well the Purkinje fibers are working

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18
Q

What does the QT interval show

A

time spent while ventricles are depolarised

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19
Q

What does the length of depolarisation depend on for the QT interval

Study These Flashcards
A

Varies with Heart rate

20
Q

What is the length of the QT interval

Study These Flashcards
A

0.42 sec at 60 bpm- resting HR

21
Q

Why cant you see arterial re-polorisation on an ECG

Study These Flashcards
A

Because atrial repolarisation coincides with ventricular depolaristion. Ventricular depolarisation involves much more tissue depolarising much faster so it swamps any signal from atrial repolarisation.

22
Q

Why is the QRS complex so complex

Study These Flashcards
A

Because different parts of the ventricle depolarise at different times in different directions

23
Q

What is the three directions of the QRS complex

Study These Flashcards
A

1st – the interventricular septum depolarises to the right
2nd – the bulk of the ventricle depolarises from the endocardial to the epicardial surface going down the septum transverse
3rd – the upper part of the interventricular septum depolarises to the left

24
Q

Where is the summation of the QRS complex

Study These Flashcards
A

add all togethers by wave of depolorisation going down the septum transverse

25
Why is the T wave a positive blip if it is due to ventricular re-polarisation
The re-polarisation travels back the way towards the arm opposing direction of depolarisation, this is a negative charge moving in a negative direction therefore this negative double negative creates a net gain of a positive signal moves away from recording electrode and produce this positive blip
26
what is the interval from the beginning of the QRS to the apex of the T wave called
absolute refractory period
27
what is the last half of the T wave refers to as
relative refractory period
28
Why is the R wave bigger in SLL II compared to the others
as the main vector of depolorisation is is line with the recording of the left leg to the right arm going along the septum tranversum
29
if hypertrophy occurred and the heart shifted towards the left where would the R wave be the biggest
Would get a bigger recording in SLL I
30
if hypertrophy occurred and the heart shifted towards the right where would the R wave be the biggest
Would get a bigger recording in SLL III
31
What is augmentended limb lead recording
recording from one limb lead with respect to the other two combined - Electrical angles of the heart
32
What is the benefit of augmented limb leads
it gives you 3 other perspectives on events in the heart
33
What is the three other perspective gained from augmented limb lead recording
aVR, aVL and aVF
34
Augmented limb lead recording produces what over all
give you 6 different views of events occurring in the frontal (or vertical) plane
35
How is precordial chest leads aligned
These are arranged in front of the heart and therefore look at the same events, but in the transverse plane
36
What are the results of the precordial chest leads
Look at the spread of depolarisation showing progression | flipping negative to positive waves
37
What is the differentiation between limb leads and precordial chest leads
Limb meads look at: spread of depolarisation (and repolarisation) from 6 angles in the frontal plane Precordial leads look at: the same events from 6 angles in the transverse plane
38
What measuring technique one will affect the results of the ECG and why
precordial due to change in the spread of depolarisation
39
What is the normal Heart rate, brachycardia, tachycardia
Normal - 60bpm Brachy - < 60bpm Tachy - > 60bpm
40
What information does a rhythm strip tell me
Heart rate
41
How do you measure heart rate on a rhythm strip
Measure the R - R interval count how many occur in 60 seconds or count how many occur in 30 large squares and multiply by 10
42
What other information can be gathered by a rhythm strip
Is each QRS complex preceded by a P-wave Is the PR interval too short (<0.12 sec) or too long (>0.2 sec) Is the QRS complex too wide (>0.12 sec) Is the QT interval too long (>0.42 sec at 60 bpm)
43
What is elevated in a STEMI myocardial infarction
ST
44
What does NSTEMI means
no ST elevated myocardial infarction
45
What myocardial infarction is worse
STEMI

Cardiovascular system SA (43 decks)

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