Anatomy week 15 part 2

Question 1

How do femoral hernias occur

Answer 1

• When the intestinal contntes pass through the femoral ring and femoral canal

Question 2

Where do femoral hernias appear

Answer 2

Femoral Triangle

Question 3

Where are femoral hernias located

Answer 3

Below the inguinal ligament

Question 4

Where are Inguinal hernias located

Answer 4

Above the inguinal ligament

Question 5

What is the Popliteal Fossa

Answer 5

• Diamon shaped space posterior to the knee joint

Question 6

Name the muscular boundaries of the popliteal fossa

Answer 6

-Superomedially, the semimembranous muscle
-Superolaterally, biceps femoris
-Inferiorly, Medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius

Question 7

What are the contents of the politeal fossa, which are embedded in fat

Answer 7

-Popliteal artery and vein
-Popliteal lymph nodes
-Tibial and common fibular nerves

Question 8

In the popliteal fossa Name the 2 branches the sciatic nerve splits into

Answer 8

• The tibial nerve
  -The common Fibular nerve

Question 9

What type of bones from the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot

Answer 9

• Tarsal and metatarsal

Question 10

What are the functions of the arches

Answer 10

-Distribute weight onto the heel and ball of the foot.
-Act as shock absorbers during movement.
-Enhance flexibility on uneven surfaces.

Question 11

Name the Types of arches

Answer 11

• Longtiudinal Arch, which contains medial and lateral parts/arches
  -Transverse Arch

Question 12

What forms the Medial part/ arch of the longitudinal arch

Answer 12

• Talus, navicular, cuneiforms, medial metatarsals

Question 13

What forms the lateral part/arch of the longitudinal arch

Answer 13

Formed by the :
- Calcaneus, cuboid, lateral metatarsals

Question 14

What is the Transverse Arch formed by

Answer 14

• Cuboid, cuneiforms and bases of the metatarsals

Question 15

What is the archs supported by

Answer 15

• Active stabilizers (Muscles)
  -Passive stabilizers(Ligaments)

Question 16

Name the parts of the Active stabilizers and explain them

Answer 16

• Leg muscles: Tibialis posterior and fibularis longus
  -Foot muscles: Short flexors, abductors and adductors

Question 17

Name the passive stabilizers that support the arch

Answer 17

• Plantar Aponeurosis
  -Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
  -Long plantar ligament
• Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament

Question 18

What is Pes planus know as

Answer 18

Flat foot

Question 19

What is Pes Planus(Flat foot)

Answer 19

When both active (muscles) and passive (ligaments) stabilizers of the medial longitudinal arch are weak or absent.

Question 20

What is the cause of flat foot

Answer 20

• The head of the talus is unsupported, forefoot eversion and abduction, and increased stress on the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament.

Question 21

How is weight transfered in the foot

Answer 21

• From the tibia through the Talus and to the heel and ball of the foot

Question 22

What is the ankle joint formed by

Answer 22

• Distal tibia, fibula and talus

Question 23

In dorsiflexion is the ankle joint more or less stable

Answer 23

More stable

Question 24

In plantar flexion is the ankle joint more or less flexible

Answer 24

• Less stable

Question 25

Name the ligaments of the Ankle

Answer 25

- Collateral Talocrural Ligaments - Medial(Deltoid ) Ligaments - Lateral Ligaments

Question 26

What is the fuction of the Collateral Talocurcual Ligament of the ankle

Answer 26

Connects the tibia and fibula to the tarsal bones

Question 27

Explain the dorsum of the foot+ - Name the 2 intrinsic muscles in the doral muscular compartment

Answer 27

- Thin loose skin - Extensor digitorum - Extensor hallucis brevis

Question 28

Name the muscular compartments of the sole

Answer 28

- medial compartment - Central compartment - Lateral compartment Interosseous compartments

Question 29

What do all the muscular compartments of the sole contain

Answer 29

-Medial Compartment: Abductor & flexors of the big toe (hallux). -Central Compartment: Short & long flexors of toes (2-4), adductor hallucis, lumbricals, quadratus plantae. -Lateral Compartment: Abductor & flexor of the little toe (5th digit). Interosseous -Compartment: Contains interossei muscles.

Question 30

What are the functions of the Plantar Aponeurosis(2)

Answer 30

- Protects the sole from injury - Supports the foot arches

Question 31

Where does the Plantar Aponeurosis orginate from

Answer 31

Calcaneus