Histology end of week 5

Question 1

What is a pathological change in celiac disease

Answer 1

• Loss of microvilli brush border

Question 2

What celiac disease

Answer 2

• Immune reaction against the wheat protection gluten.

Question 3

What does celiac disease lead to

Answer 3

• Malabsorption

Question 4

How can the changes be reverserd in celiac disease

Answer 4

• When gluten is removed from the diet

Question 5

What is the structure of cilia

Answer 5

• Long projecting structures

Question 6

What does the core of cilia consist of

Answer 6

• Nine peripheral microtubular doublets which form an array around 2 central microtubules forming an axoneme

Question 7

Name the types of epithelia

Answer 7

-Covering(lining) epithelia
- Secretory epithelia
-Glandular epithelia

Question 8

What is covering(lining) epithelia organised into

Answer 8

• Cell layers:
  -Simple: Single layers of cells
  -Stratified: Two or more layers of cells

Question 9

Name the different cell shapes and their features

Answer 9

-Squamous: thin, flattened
-Cuboidal: Cubeshaped
-Columnar: Elongated, Thin

Question 10

Name the types of covering(lining) epithelia

Answer 10

• Simple epithelia:
  -simple squamos
  -simple cuboidal
  -simple columnar
  -Stratified epithelia:
  etc

Question 11

What is kartagener syndrome

Answer 11

• Immotile cilia

Question 12

What are the symptoms of karatagenr syndrome and cause

Answer 12

-Respiratory infections caused by the lack of cleansing action of the cilia

Question 13

What is simple squamous epithelium involved in

Answer 13

• Passive transport-diffusion

Question 14

In simple cuboidal how is the nucles located

Answer 14

Center

Question 15

In simple columnar epithelial how is the nuclei located

Answer 15

• Towards the base

Question 16

What does stratified squamos non keratanized epithelium line

Answer 16

• Wet cavities, such as:
  -Mouth, vagina, osephagus

Question 17

Where is the stratified cuboidal epithelium found

Answer 17

• Salivary and sweat glands

Question 18

What does the stratified columnar epithelium line

Answer 18

eyelids

Question 19

What is transitional epithelium characterosed by

Answer 19

• A superficial layer of large, dome like cells called umbrella cells

Question 20

What is the function of dome like cells in the transitional epithelium

Answer 20

• Protect the underlying tissues from the hypertonic and cytotoxic effects of urine

Question 21

Where is transitional epithelium located

Answer 21

• Urinary tract

Question 22

What do the glandular epithelia cells secrete

Answer 22

• Proteins
  -Lipids
  -Carbodhydrates
  water and electrolytes

Question 23

Where are secretiosn stored

Answer 23

• Seceretory granules

Question 24

Where are goblet cells found

Answer 24

• Small intestine respiratory tract

Question 25

What are the functions of mucus in the lower tract and respiratory tract

Answer 25

-Lower tract: Lubricates the passage of the faeces -Respiratory tract: Protects the lining from drying

Question 26

What is the function of goblet cells

Answer 26

- Seceret mucus

Question 27

What is chronic bronchitis caused by

Answer 27

- The number of the goblet cell in the lining of the lungs are increased - This leads to excess mucus production, blocking the airways

Question 28

What are exocrine glands composed of

Answer 28

- Secretory portions and duct

Question 29

Name the types of secretion

Answer 29

- Merocrine -Holocrine -Apocrine

Question 30

What does merocrine secretion involve

Answer 30

- Exocytosis of protins or glycoproteins

Question 31

What happens in Halocrine secretion

Answer 31

- The cells accumulate product and release the products and cell debris into the glands lumen

Question 32

Where is Halocrine secretion seen

Answer 32

- Glands of skin

Question 33

What happens in Apocrine secretion

Answer 33

- The product accumulates at the cells apical end

Question 34

What is dysplasia

Answer 34

- Abnormal growth

Question 35

What is metaplasia

Answer 35

When one type of epithelial tissue(peudostratified columnar epithelial) may undergo transformstion into another type

Question 36

What is carcinomas

Answer 36

- Malignant tumors of epithelial origin

Question 37

What is adenocarcinomas

Answer 37

- Malignant tumors derived from glandular epithelial tissue