Anatomy week 9

Question 1

Where is the pelvic region

Answer 1

• An area between the abdomen and lower limb

Question 2

What does the pelvic region include

Answer 2

-Pelvic Cavity
-Perineum

Question 3

What is the pelvic cavity enclosed by

Answer 3

• Bony pelvis or pelvic girdle

Question 4

What is the pelvic cavity divided by?
and what is it divided into ?

Answer 4

• Divided by the pelvicbrim into the
• True pelvis
  -False pelvis

Question 5

Where is the true pelvis located and what does it contain

Answer 5

• Below the brim, containing the bladder,rectum and pelvic genital structures

Question 6

Where is the false pelvis

Answer 6

• Above the brim

Question 7

What is the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 7

• Muscular floor seperating true pelvis from the perineum

Question 8

What is the structrue of the perineum

Answer 8

-It is a diamond shaped area that is divided into 2 parts :urogenital and anal triangle
- It contains a perineal membrane dividing the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle
- Contains a perineal membrane dividing the urgoenital triangel into
-Deep pouch
-Superficial pouch

Question 9

What does the false pelvis contain

Answer 9

-cecum
-Appendix
-Sigmoid colon
-Small intestinal

Question 10

What is the iliac crest

Answer 10

• Superior bony landmark

Question 11

What structures does the perineum in the pelvic cavity drape over

Answer 11

-bladder,uterus and pelvic walls

Question 12

What does the deep pelvic viscera occupy
- What is it continous with

Answer 12

Occupies a subperitoneal space that is continuous with the retroperitoneum of the abdomen

Question 13

What does the perineum lie inferior to
and what are its boundaries

Answer 13

• It lies inferior to the pelvic cavity
  boundaries:
  -pelvic outlet forms its perimeter
  -Pelvic diaphgram is the roof
• perineal skin forms the floor

Question 14

What does the urogenital triangle contain

Answer 14

• Contains external genitalia
• and openings for the urethra and vagina

Question 15

What does the Anal triangle contain

Answer 15

-Contains the anal canal and anal opening which is surrounded by the external anal sphincter

Question 16

Describe the structure of the Ischioanal fossae

Answer 16

• Has Wedge-shaped , fat filled spaces located in the anal triangle
  -They extend anteriorly into a small recess of the urogenital triangle

Question 17

What is the pelvic inlet

Answer 17

The superior aperture of the bony pelvis

Question 18

-What is the pelvic outlet

Answer 18

The inferior aperture of the bony pelvis

Question 19

What does the bony pelvis consist of

Answer 19

• Sacrum
  -coccyx
  -2 coxal bones(hip bones)

Question 20

What is the function of the bony pelvis

Answer 20

• Protects the pelvic viscera
  -Stabilises the back
  -Provides attachment for the lower limbs

Question 21

What is the role of the sacrum and coccyx as a component of the pelvic girdle

Answer 21

-Forms the posterior wall of the pelvic girdle

Question 21

How is each hip bone(coxal bones) formed

Answer 21

• Formed by the fusion of the ilium,ischium and pubis

Question 22

Name the 6 key features of the hip bones(coxal bones)

Answer 22

• Superior and inferior pubic ramic
  -ischial spine
  -ischial ramus
  -iliac wing
  -Arcuate line and peritneal line
  Acetabulum

Question 23

Name the joints of the pelvic girdle(pelvic joints) and explain them

Answer 23

• Sacroiliac joints : Synovial joints between sacrum and hip bones.
  Pubic symphysis: Immobile cartilaginous joint at the anterior midline.

Question 24

What is the name of the ligaments that support the pelvic joints

Answer 24

- Sacroiliac ligaments -Iliolumbar ligaments -Posterior ligaments -Sacrotuberous ligaments -Sacrospinous ligaments

Question 25

What is the names of the 3 pelvic openings

Answer 25

- Greater sciatic foramen -Lesser sciatic foramen -Obturator foramen

Question 26

# pelvic openings What is the function of the ischial spine

Answer 26

Seperates the greater and lesser sciatic notchs

Question 27

What is the function if the ischial ramus

Answer 27

Fuese with the pubic ramus

Question 28

What is the function of the iliac wing

Answer 28

- Forms the iliac fossa and ends at the iliac crest

Question 29

What is the function of the arcuate line and peritneal line

Answer 29

- Forms part of the pelvic inlet

Question 30

What is the function of the : -Sacroiliac ligaments -Iliolumbar ligaments -Posterior ligaments which support the pelvic joints

Answer 30

sacroiliac - Support the sacroiliac joints -Iliolumbar- Stabilize the lumbar spine and sacrum -Posterior - secure the sacrum to hip bones

Question 31

Explain where the : -Sacrotuberous ligaments -Sacrospinous ligaments orginate and insert

Answer 31

1. Sacrotuberous ligaments orginates on the sacrum and insert on the ischial tuberosity 2. originates on the sacrum and inserts on the ischial spine

Question 32

Where do the muscles lining the pelvic wall pass through

Answer 32

- Pass into the gluteal region and attach to the femur and act on the hip joint

Question 33

Explain and describe the role of piriformis

Answer 33

- It lines the posterior pelvic wall -And passes through the greater sciatic foramne to the gluteal region - Forms a base for the sacroplexus and internal iliac vessels

Question 34

Name the 2 muscles lining the pelvic wall

Answer 34

- Piriformis -Obturator internus

Question 35

Describe the Obturator Internus

Answer 35

-Lines the sidewall of the pelvis and perineum. -Its tsendon passes through the lesser sciatic foramen -Covered by overlying obturator fascia

Question 36

Explain the structure of the pelvic floor

Answer 36

- Funnel shaped,composed of muscles and consisting of the pelvic digaphragm - Which supports the pelvic organs and resists inta abdominal pressure

Question 37

Name the components of the pelvic diaphgram

Answer 37

- Levator Ani -Coccugeus

Question 38

Explain the levator Ani

Answer 38

- Largest component in diaphgram Consists of 3 parts -Pubococcygeus- Anterior Part -Iliococcygeus- Middle part -Puborectalis- Forms a sling around the anorectum,maintains the anorectal angle

Question 39

Where do the three muscles in the levator Ani arise from?

Answer 39

- They arise from the pubic ramus and the tendinous arch

Question 40

Explain the Coccygeus as a component in the pelvic diaghgram muscles

Answer 40

Posterior part Attach to the sacrum and the ischial spine , adhering to the sacrospinous ligaments