Anatomy workbook-Bony thorax Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
Label 5-8, 15
A
- Aortic arch
- Area of the right atrium
- Area of the R ventricle
- Left ventricle
Hilar markings
2
Q
Label 1,3,4,7,9
A
1Shadow of trachea
3Reterosternal space
4Retrocardiac space
7Superior portion of the aortic arch
9Domes of the diaphram
3
Q
Label 1-6
A
- Diaphramatic plane
- Transpyloric plane
- Intertubercular plane
- Transtrochateric plane
- Right Lateral vertical plane
- Left lateral vertical plane
5
Q
How does the vertical plane divide the body?
A
Divides body on each side midway between ASIS and symphysis pubis
6
Q
Where is the diaphragmatic plane?
A
At the level of the xiphi (is the superior border of the abdominal cavity)
7
Q
Where is the transpyloric plane located?
A
At the level of the 1st or 2nd lumbar vertebra midway between the supra-sternal notch and the symphysis pubis
8
Q
Where is the intertubrecular plane located?
A
At the level of the 5th lumbar vertebra midway between transpyloric plane and symphysis pubis
9
Q
Where is the transtrochanteric plane located?
A
At the level of the symphysis pubis joining the superior portions of the greater trochanter
10
Q
What organs does the right hypochondriac region contain?
A
- Portions of ascending and transverse colon
- Hepatic flexure
- Greater portion of liver and gallbladder in hypersthenic patients
11
Q
What organs does the epigastric region contain?
A
- Portions of the stomach
- Transverse colon
- Liver
- Spleen
- Upper abdominal aorta
- IVC
12
Q
What organs does the left hypochondriac region contain?
A
- Portions of the stomach
- Transverse and descending colon
- Spleen
- Splenic flexure
13
Q
What organs does the right lumbar region contain?
A
- Portions of the small bowel
- Ascending colon
- Transverse colon
- Liver
- Right kidney
- Gallbladder in sthenic patients
14
Q
What organs does the umbillical region contain?
A
- Portions of stomach
- Small bowel
- Transverse colon
- R+L kidney
- Renal pelvis
- Ureters
- Gallbladder in asthenic types
- Abdominal aorta
- IVC
15
Q
What organs does the Left lumbar region contain?
A
- Portions of the stomach
- Small bowel
- Transverse and decending colon
- Left kidney
16
Q
What organs does the right iliac region contain?
A
- Portion of ascending colon
- Cecum
- Appendix
- Part of the small bowel
17
Q
What organs does the hypogastric region contain?
A
- Portions of small bowel
- Sigmoid colon
- Rectum
- Lower ureters
- Bladder
- Gallbladder in hyposthetic types
- Female genitalia
18
Q
What organs does the left iliac region contain?
A
- Portions of descending and sigmoid colons
19
Q
Label 1, 6-10
A
1=Vertebral body of T8
6= 5th rib posterior
7=9th costocertebral faucet
8=Trachea
9=Transverse process of T5
10=5th costotransverse joint
20
Q
Label 1, 7, 8
A
1=Pedicle of T4
7=Scapula
8=12th rib pairs
21
Q
Label 1,2,4,7,11
A
1=Pedicle of T12
2=Vertebral canal
4=IAP of L3
7=Spinous process of L1
11=PSOAS muscle
22
Q
Label 3,7,10-15
A
3=Illiac crests
7=Pars interarticularis of L4
10=Sacral prominatory
11=Lumbosacral joints
12=T.P. of L3
13=Rib 12
14-Inferior vertebral notch
15=Superior vertebral notch
23
Q
Label 2,8
A
2=Illium
8=Sacral prominatory
24
Q
Label 1-4
A
- 1st segment of the coccyx
- 4th segment of coccyx
- Transverse process of 1st coccygeal segment
- Sacrococcygeal joint
25
Label 1,3,5,6
1=Coccyx
3=Median sacral crest
5=Sacral prominatory
6=Lumbosacral joint
26
Label 1,2,5,7
1=SI joint
2=Sacrum
5=SI joint
7=Illium
27
To demonstrate fluid in the left lung, how will the patient be positioned?
Left lateral, AP or PA
28
If a patient is supine and a horizontal beam is used to demonstrate the c-spine, what is the projection?
What is the Position?
Position: Dorsal decubitus position
Projection: Horizontal ray lateral
29
What view will best demonstrate an apical lung lesion?
AP lordotic position
30
What is the landmark to check for to ensure that the apices are included on any chest imaging?
C7
31
What is the level of the diaphragm anteriorly?
T10
32
What anatomy needs to be included on the following views and how do you check that it will be on the image?
Supine Abdomen
Erect Abdomen
Decubitus Abdomen
Supine abdomen=Symph pubis
Erect abdomen=Diaphragm
Decubitus abdomen=Diaphragm
33
What are the 3 views of an Acute Abdomen series
Supine abdomen, Erect abdomen, PA chest
34
What is a KUB:
Collimated view of the supine abdomen to show the kidneys, ureter and bladder
35
What is the recommended posture and respiration for ribs 8 – 12?
Supine, expiration
36
Why is the sternum a difficult piece of anatomy to image?
-Gets burnt out easily
-Spine is located over anatomy
37
# T/F
In the PA Oblique projection of the sternoclavicular joints, the side closest to the tabletop is demonstrated.
True
38
# T/F
To properly demonstrate the SC Joint, the obliquity of the body should be a minimum of 45°.
False; 15 to 20 degrees
39
# T/F
Oblique projections of the thorax are useful to demonstrate fractures in the axillary portion of the rib cage.
True
40
The left axillary ribs are demonstrated in the RAO position
True
41
How many posterior ribs should be visualized on a PA chest radiograph on the left side above the hemidiaphragm to assess a good inspiration?
10 posterior ribs
42
What would the instruction for respiration be for the following and why?
Lateral sternum
Lower ribs
PA oblique sternum
SC Joints
Lateral sternum-Deep insp. (to bring the chest out and prevent blur)
Lower ribs-Expiration (helps to bring up the diaphragm)
PA oblique sternum-Shallow breath (blur the lung markings)
SC Joints-Suspend respiration (prevent blur)
43
What is the normal curvature of the cervical and lumbar spine as viewed from the lateral aspect?
Lordotic
44
What is the primary curvature of the spine?
Thoracic and sacral curvature
45
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called?
Scoliosis
46
List the 5 routine views of the C-spine:
AP axial, Lateral, both obliques in AP or PA, Odontiod
47
List the 3 routine views of the T-spine:
AP, lateral, swimmers
48
List the 5 routine views of the L-Spine
AP, Lateral, both obliques in AP or PA, L5/S1
49
List the views in a typical scoliosis series
Upright, supine/prone, lateral bending supine, lateral bending upright
50
What must be included in each projection of the spine on a scoliosis study?
Base of skull to ASIS/PSIS
51
What will the following demonstrate during a scoliosis series?
Erect PA:
Lateral:
Bending views:
Recumbent or supine views:
Erect PA: degree of curvature with force of gravity
Lateral: Degree of kyphosis or lordosis
Bending views: Structural from non structural and motility
Recumbant: Structural from non structural
52
Which projection is taken first when there is a possibility of a cervical spine fracture or dislocation?
Lateral
53
What is best demonstrated in the open mouth C-spine view?
The odontoid process, C1/C2 and its articulations, lateral aspects of C1/C2, contraindications
54
What is best demonstrated in the Fuchs Method?
Dens within the foramen magnum following properly positioned odontiod view
55
Which two planes of the skull are positioned perpendicular to the IR for radiography of C1-C2 in the open mouth projection?
Base of skull and occulusal plane
56
If the base of the skull is projected over the odontoid process and is inferior to the bottom of the top teeth in the open mouth view, how would the radiographer reposition for the repeat?
The radiographer would lower the chin until the bottom of the top teeth are in line with the BOS
57
What is the CR direction and centering point for the AP Axial projection of C3-7?
-Cephlad
-Angle based off of lateral
-Thyroid cartilage
58
How does the AP Axial C-spine differ from the AP soft tissue neck?
-Using an angle to get through joint space
59
What line is perpendicular to the IR for the Fuchs Method?
MML
60
How does the recumbent swimmers view differ from the erect version?
Nothing, it is identical
61
Image magnification is reduced in the lateral projection of the C Spine by?
Adjusting the SID to 180
62
What should the radiographer do if C7-T1 is not demonstrated in the erect lateral C-spine image?
Do a C/T swimmers lateral
63
What views are essential in assessment of a whiplash injury of the C Spine?
Lateral, AP axial, odontiod
64
How can you determine that your patient’s neck has been extended enough for a hyperextension lateral c-spine?
If the spinous processes come togther
65
How can you determine that your patient’s neck has been flexed enough for a hyperflexion lateral c-spine?
If the spinous processes come apart
66
What is best demonstrated on a RAO of the C-spine?
Right IV foramina
67
The CP for an AP projection of the T Spine is at the level of?
T7
68
Name 2 positioning considerations for a lateral view of the T Spine:
1. The spine must be perpendicular to the CR
2. Degree of kyphosis?
69
# T/F
To best demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints in the c-spine, the patient is positioned in the oblique axial posture
False; best demonstrated in the lateral position
70
# T/F
The CR is directed at an angle of 15˚ caudad for the AP Axial projection of the lumbosacral joint on a female patient.
False; requires a 5-8 degree caudad angle based off of the patients curvature
71
When performing lateral imaging of the spine, the knees should be perfectly superimposed to prevent rotation. TRUE OR FALSE
True
72
Seeing the pedicle in the middle of the vertebral body on an oblique lumbar spine image indicates that the zygapophyseal joints are well demonstrated. TRUE OR FALSE
True
73
The “eye” of the Scotty dog is the pedicle on the side closer to the IR if the patient is in an LPO position. TRUE OR FALSE
True
74
Why is it important to have the lumbar curve flattened for the AP projection of the L Spine?
So that diverging photons can get through the joint space
75
How can you tell from an oblique lumbar spine image if the patient is over or under rotated?
By the position of the pedicles
-If the pedicle too anterior=Patient is underrotated
-If the pedicle is too posterior=Patient is overrotated
76
Which zygapophyseal joints are best demonstrated when the patient is in an RPO position of the lumbar spine?
The right side
77
Why would a PA Axial projection be preferred when imaging the SI joints bilaterally?
The diverging photons line up with the angle of the SI joints while in PA, and saves patient dose by using the back to absorb most photons
78
Is the CP on the dependent or elevated side for imaging of oblique the SI joints?
Elevated
79
What is the CP direction and angle for the AP Sacrum and AP Coccyx
AP sacrum: 15 degrees cephalad, 2 inches below ASIS
AP coccyx: 10 degrees caudad, MSP 2 inches sup to symph
80
What technique can improve visualization of the lateral sacrum/coccyx?
Use a wedge filter
81
What is the CP direction and angle for the lateral sacrum and coccyx
CP: Dependant on knee flexion and pelvic tilt
Angle: No angle
