Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RUSVM Clinical Pathology > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

(89 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Diagnosis of non regenerative anemia

A

Biochemical Profile

Bone Marrow Aspirate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bone Marrow Aplasia

A

No red cell production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clinical signs associated with blood destruction

A

Splenomegaly

Icterus

Hemoglobinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treatment for IMHA

A

Glucocorticosteroids

Other immunosuppressive drugs

Fluids

Correct acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pyruvate kinase deficiency results in

A

Impaired energy metabolism with resultant increased red blood cell destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causes of Aplastic anemia

A

Infectious agents

Immune mediated destruction

Drugs and chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In methemoglobinemia - blood appears chocolate brown when _______% of hemoglobin is methemoglobin.

Death occurs when concentration is ______%.

A

30%

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Copper Toxicosis causes

A

Hemolytic anemia

Hemoglobinemia/hemoglobinuria

Heinz body formation

Oxidative damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anemia of inflammatory disease

A

Mild to moderate

Low serum iron

Increased storage iron

Erythroid suppression may be due to unavailability of iron or inflammatory cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Regenerative anemia is caused by either

A

Blood loss

or Blood destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mycoplasma wenyonii

A

Cattle

Severe anemia only in splenectomized or immunosuppresed

Iatrogenic transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical signs of mycoplasma haemocanis

A

Anemia signs

May look like IMHA

Icterus occassionally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Laboratory Findings for IMHA

A

Thrombocytopenia

Inflammatory Leukogram

Azotemia

Spherocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: Blood Loss causes thrombocytopenia

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mycoplasma Haemocanis

A

Opportunist, usually only in splenectomized or immunosuppressed dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blood destruction or blood loss?

Immune mediated hemolytic anemia

Heinz body anemia

RBC parasites

A

Blood destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Differential diagnosis for Spherocytosis

A

Previous mismatched blood transfusion

Rattlesnake evenomation

Heinz body anemia - horses

Zinc toxicosis

Bee sting

IMHA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acute or Chronic blood loss?

Trauma and Surgery

Coagulation Disorders

Bleeding Tumors

Thrombocytopenia

A

Acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

Anemia

Low Serum Iron

Microcytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Treatment for Mycoplasma haemocanis

A

Doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Blood loss from what organ is most common?

A

Intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Anemia due to renal disease

A

Insufficient erythropoietin

Uremic toxins

Excess PTH

Hypocalcemia

Bleeding tendencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Feline Cytauxzoonosis

A

Protozoan

RBC phase and tissue phase

Transmitted by ticks

Almost always fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

IMHA is commonly associated with what drugs

A

Penicillin

Cephalosporins

Trimethoprim-Sulfa

Levaminosle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Mycoplasma haemosuis
Severe anemia in baby pigs Poor weight gain in adult pigs
26
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency in cats
No ultimate osteosclerosis Can live to old age
27
Acute or Chronic blood loss? GI Ulcer Bleeding GI tumor Blood consuming parasites
Chronic
28
Infectious agents that can cause aplastic anemia
FeLV Ehrlichia canis Equine Infectious Anemia
29
Babesia and Theileria cause anemia by what mechanism?
Intravascular hemolysis
30
Hypothyroidism
Mild anemia Decreased metabolic rate
31
Uroporphyrinogen III Co Synthetaste Deficiency in Cats
"Porphyria" "Pink Tooth" Autosomal Dominant No anemia
32
Plants that can cause Heinz body anemia
Onions, Garlic Kale, Cabbage, Rape Wilted Red Maple Leaves
33
Bacterial induced hemolysis
Clostridium perfringens type A Clostridium haemolyticum
34
Endocrine diseases that can lead to anemia
Hypothyroidsim Hypoadrenocorticism
35
Phosphofructokinase Deficiency
Autosomal Recessie Decreased synthesis of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate PCV normal Hemolytic crisis when alkalemic
36
Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia
Find cause and source of blood Injectable iron - neonates
37
Characteristics of acute blood loss
Protein decreases along with PCV Erythrocyte morphology usually normal
38
Pathogenesis of Anemia of Inflammatory Disease
1. LPS and IL6 induce hepatic production of Hepcidin (regulator of iron homeostasis) 2. Hepcidin inhibits cellular efflux of iron by binding to and inducing internalization and degradation of ferroportin 3. LPS down regulates divalent metal transporter expression - inhibition of duodenal iron absorption 4. LPS down regulates ferroportin expression - decreased iron release from iron stores 5. Cytokine upregulate DMT1 on macrophages - increase iron uptake 6. IL10 increase transferrin receptors on macrophages - increase iron uptake 7. TNF -alpha, IL 1,6, 10 upregualte ferritiin expression - promote storage and retention \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Overall result in decrease iron in transport and functional pools limiting iron for erythropoiesis
39
Anemia is caused by
Increased loos Increased destruction Decreased production by marrow or come combination of the above
40
Treatment for Mycoplasma haemofelis
Blood transfusion Prednisone Doxycycline Enrofloxacin
41
Anemia
Decrease in red blood cell mass, resulting in decreased oxygenation of tissues
42
Immune Mediated Aplastic Anemia
Antibodies directed against stem cells May be drug induced or idiopathic
43
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency in dogs
Moderate to marked anemia Marked reticulocytosis Myelofibrosis, sclerosis Death by age 4
44
Drugs and Chemicals that can cause Heinz body anemia
Acetaminophen Propylene glycol Zinc Copper Selenium Deficiency Methylene Blue Crude Oil Naphthalene
45
Clostridium perfringins Type A
"Yellow Lamb Disease" Hemolytic anemia in lambs and calves
46
Blood destruction occurs due to
Intravascular hemolysis or Extravascular hemolysis
47
Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
Often secondary associated with infection, modified live virus vaccination, neoplasia and drugs
48
T/F: If agglutination is present, Coombs test is not indicated.
True
49
Uroporphyrinogen III Co Synthetase Deficiency in cattle
"Porphyria" "Pink Tooth" Inability to synthesize hemoglobin with accumulation of uroporphyrin and coprophyrin in bones, teeth Pigemented fluorescent teeth and bones Photosenstitivity Decreased RBC survival
50
Clostridium haemolyticum
"Bacillary Hemoglobinuria" "Red Water Disease" Cattle Associated with liver fluke migration CS: anemia, arched back, blood diarrhea, fever, dyspnea, hemoglobinuria
51
Uroporphyrinogne II Co Synthetase Deficiency in pigs
"Porphyria" "Pink Tooth" No photosensitization Autosomal Dominant
52
IMHA in cats is commonly associated with
Mycoplasma haemofelis FeLV Neoplasia
53
Drugs and chemicals that can cause aplastic anemia
Antineoplastic, immunosuppressive drugs Toxins Estrogen in dogs and ferrets
54
Mycoplasma haemofelis
Transmitted through infected blood by blood feeding arthropods, cat bites, and iatrogenic exposure Diagnsosis by blood film exam or PCR Regenerative Anemia
55
Hypoadrenocorticism
Mild anemia often masked by dehydration Mechanism unclear
56
Band 3
Protein that exchanges bicarbonate ion for chloride ion in erythrocytes, thus greatly increasing capacity of blood to carry CO2 Also important in maintaining cell shape
57
Anaplasmosis
Tick borne Can cause fatal hemolytic anemia Immune mediated destruction Diagnose with blood film or PCR
58
Virus induced hemolysis
Equine Infectious Anemia - Swamp Fever
59
IMHA in horses is commonly associated with
Penicillin Clostridial Infections Neoplasia
60
Theileriosis
Protozoan Cause hemolytic anemia Stage within RBC is merozoite
61
Hemolytic Anemias due to Enzyme Deficiencies
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency Phosphofructokinase Deficiency Uroprphyrinogen III co synthetase
62
Erythrocyte parasites cause anemia by what mechanism?
Immune mediated
63
Cause of methemoglobinemia
Iron in ferric state - incapable of carrying oxygen Oxidative compounds result in excessive formation
64
Water Intoxication
Cattle Unlimited access to water following unavailability Decreased osmolality leads to hemolysis
65
Iron deficiency anemia in adult animals is likely due to
Chronic blood loss
66
Disadvantages of Coomb's Test
Many false positives Many false negatives
67
Evan's Syndrome
Immune- mediated thrombocytopenia
68
Laboratory findings for Iron Deficiency Anemia
Microcytosis Reticulocytes have decreased MCV RDW - increased MCHC - normal Keratocyte formation Increased central pallor Regenerative Thrombocytosis Serum iron - decreased Transferrin - decreased Storage iron - decreased Total iron binding - normal
69
Clinical signs of anemia
Pale mucous membranes Lethargy, reduced exercise tolerance Increased respiratory rate, dyspnea Increased heart rate Murmurs if \<20% - increased turbulence
70
Bone Marrow Hypoplasia
Red cell production decreased
71
Laboratory tests that should be run for anemia
Red blood cell mass (PCV) Mean cell volume Reticulocyte count Total protein
72
Red blood cell mass is measured by
PCV RBC count Hemoglobin concentration
73
Methemoglobinemia
Acetaminophen Toxicity - Cats Nitrate Poisoning - Cows Rad Maple Leaf Ingestion - Horses Congenital Deficiency of NADH-Methemoglobin Reductase
74
Clinical signs or Mycoplasma haemofelis
Anemia signs Splenomegaly Fever Lethargy Icterus
75
Aplastic Aneima
General Marrow Suppresion or failure
76
Heinz Body Anemia
Oxidatively denatured hemoglobin
77
Causes of intrinsic erythroid hypoplasia
Myelodysplasia Leukemia Immune-mediated destruction of erythroid precursors
78
Hemolysis due to inherited membrane defects
Hereditary: spherocytosis elliptocytosis stomatocytosis membrane transport defects
79
Babesiosis
Large and small types Transmitted by ticks Cause severe disease and hemolytic anemia May be mistaken for IMHA
80
Iron deficiency anemia in nursing animals is typically due to
Inadequate intake
81
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
Maternal antibodies against the neonates blood group antigen attach to the neonates RBCs with subsequent RBC hemolysis
82
Causes of Erythroid Aplaisa
Immune Mediated destruction of RBC precursors Feline Leukemia Virus
83
Mycoplasma haemolamae
Opportunist Causes mild anemia
84
Heinz body anemia occurs with what diseases
Lymphoma Hyperthyroidism Diabetes Mellitus
85
Cuases of extrinsic erythroid hypoplasia
Chronic renal disease Endocrine disorders Inflammatory disease
86
Diagnosis of erythrocyte parasites
Blood film examination PCR assays
87
When should a Coombs test be run for IMHA?
No Spherocytes In species where it is hard to detect Spherocytes
88
Pathogenesis of heiz body formation
1. Hemichrome formation due to oxidative damage 2. Hemichromes aggregate into bits of denatured hemoglobin 3. Sulfhydral groups are susceptible to oxidative damage 4. Hemichromes form complexes with protein band 3 - clustering of band 3 creating recognition site for auto-antibodies 5. Spectrin-hemoglobin cross linking - increase membrane rigidity
89
Differential diagnosis for Microcytosis
Portosystemic shunt Breed predisposition Anemia of inflammatory disease Iron deficiency anemia

RUSVM Clinical Pathology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions