Interpretation of Leukocyte Responses in Disease

Question 1

Erythremic Myelosis

Answer 1

Red cell leukemia

Question 2

Penia

Answer 2

decreased concentration of cells

Question 3

Microscopic changes seen with neutrophil degeneration

Answer 3

Marked cytoplasmic vacuolation

Nuclear swelling

Cell lysis

Question 4

Excitement Leukocyte Response

Answer 4

“Fight or Flight” response - increased blood flow through microcirculation results in shift of leukocytes from marginated pool to the circulating pool

Question 5

Causes of monocytosis

Answer 5

Inflammation

Stress Response

Question 6

Microscopic changes seen with Neutrophil Toxic Change

Answer 6

Increased basophilia of cytoplasm

Presence of Dohle bodies

Cytoplasmic Vacuolation

Question 7

Cytopenia

Answer 7

Decreased concentration of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils

Question 8

Causes of lymphopenia

Answer 8

Steroid response

Acute viral infection

Immunodeficiency

Question 9

Inherited lymphocyte abnormalities

Answer 9

MPS and GM2 gangliosidosis - cytoplamsic granulation or vaculation

Alpha Mannosidosis - cytoplasmic vacuolation

Niemann Pick Disease - cytoplasma vacuolation

Acid Lipase Deficiency - cytoplasmic vacuolation

Fucosidosis - cytoplasmic vacuolation

Question 10

Birman Cat neutrophil Granulation Anomaly

Answer 10

Of unknown cause

50% of Birman Cats have the disease

Can be confused with lysosomal storage disease

Question 11

Excitement leukocyte response can result in

Answer 11

2x fold leukocyte concentration

Question 12

Neutrophil Toxic Change

Answer 12

Due to accelerated rate of production seen with inflammation, which results in the persistance of ribosomes

Question 13

Causes of Neutropenia

Answer 13

Consuption within inflammatory lesion

Immune mediated destruction

Lack of production by bone marrow

Question 14

Neutrophil Degeneration

Answer 14

Describes neutrophils that are not in circulation

Question 15

Lyphopenia, Neutrophilia and Eosinophilia can be seen with which leukocyte response?

Answer 15

Stress

Question 16

Acquired changes in neutrophil morphology

Answer 16

Neutrophil Toxic Change

Neutrophil Hypersegmentation

Neutrophil Degeneration

Question 17

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Answer 17

Due to fused lysosomes

Pink granules

Neutrophils do not kill or phagocytize as well as normal

Question 18

Left Shift

Answer 18

Increased concentration of immature neutrophils in the blood

Question 19

Myeloproliferative disorders

Answer 19

Neoplasms arising from bone marrow stem cells and involve neutrophils, monocytes, erythrocytes and rarely, eosinophils and basophils

Question 20

Clinical sign of Chediak Higashi Syndrome

Answer 20

Sliver to grey coat color due to fusion of melanin granules

Common in persian cats

Question 21

Granulocytic leukemia

Answer 21

Neutrophils

Question 22

Causes of eosinophilia

Answer 22

Parasitism

Hypersensitivity

Lesions producing eosinophil chemoattractants (Mast Cell Tumor)

Question 23

Leukemia

Answer 23

Presence of neoplastic cells in the blood or bone marrow

Question 24

Strees Leukocyte Response can occur with

Answer 24

Occurs with illness, pain, metabolic disturbances, treatment with corticosteroids/corticosteroid producing tumors

Question 25

Inflammation Leukocyte Response

Answer 25

Consumption of neutrophils in inflammatory response leads to increased production and early release from bone marrow

Question 26

T/F: Bone marrow problems are always reversible

Answer 26

False \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ FeLV virus infection = irreversible

Question 27

Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Answer 27

Neutrophils and monocytes

Question 28

Leukocyte Responses

Answer 28

Inflammation Excitement Stress

Question 29

Monocytic leukemia

Answer 29

monocytes

Question 30

Left shift or neutrophil concentration greater than 2x upper limit of reference interval

Answer 30

Neutrophilia

Question 31

Causes of lymphocytosis

Answer 31

Excitement Leukocyte Response Neoplastic Lymphoproliferative Disease Antigenic Stimulation

Question 32

Philia / cytosis

Answer 32

Increased concentration of cells

Question 33

Pelger Huet Anomaly

Answer 33

Failure for neutrophil nucleus to segment - continue to look like bands \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Increased immature neutrophil count without any clinical signs

Question 34

Neutrophil hypersementation

Answer 34

Result of normal aging of the neutrophil may occur in vivo (longer circulation, use of corticosteroids) or in vitro (aging prior to making film)

Question 35

Erythroleukemia

Answer 35

Red cells and neutrophils or monocytes

Question 36

Neutrophilia + Lymphopenia + no left shift

Answer 36

Stress Leukocyte Response

Question 37

Acquired lymphocyte vacuolation can occur by

Answer 37

Ingestion of plants containing swainsonine which results in inhibition of lysosomal enzymes resulting in acuired lysosomal storage disease

Question 38

Neutropilia with Lymphocytosis and no left shift

Answer 38

Excitement Leukocyte Response

Question 39

Lymphoproliferative disorders

Answer 39

Neoplasms of lymphocytes and plasma cells

Question 40

Basophilia typically accompanies

Answer 40

eosinophilia

Question 41

Inherited neutrophil abnormalities

Answer 41

Pelger-Huet Anomaly Birman Cat Neutrophil Granulation Anomaly Chediak-Higashi Syndrome Lysosomal Storage Disorders with neutrophil granulation

Question 42

Orderly maturation

Answer 42

Concentration of each cell increases with the degree of maturity

Question 43

All inherited lymphocyte abnormalities except MPS and Acid Lipase Deficiency cause what type of disease

Answer 43

Severe Progressive Neurologic Diseas