Anesthesia

Question 1

Nitrous Oxide (NO)

Answer 1

MAC = 104%

• requires combination use with another volatile gas
• MAC becomes additive

Question 2

Propofol

Answer 2

IV barbiturate (CNS depressant)

• Potentiates GABA_A receptor
• Rapid Onset
• Short duration
• Rapid Hepatic Metabolism

Side fx:

• Hypotension
• Profound resp. ↓

Question 3

Thiopental

Answer 3

IV barbiturate

• Potentiates GABA_A receptor
• Good lipid solubility due to S atom
• Rapid Onset
• Short duration
• Long elimination due to tissue saturation

Side fx:

• Hypotension
• Upper airway apnea

Question 4

Ketamine

Answer 4

IV barb

• NMDA antagonist
• Dissociative anesthesia
• Analgesic, amnesic

↑ Sympathetic output: ↑ HR, BP, CO
- useful for hypovolemic shock

Side fx:
- Hallucinations, delirium (use benzodiazephines to counteract)

Question 5

Etomadine

Answer 5

IV barbiturate

• Potentiates GABA_A receptor
• Pain on injection
• Rapid onset
• Rapid distribution
• Minimal ventilation side fx

Side fx:

• Adrenocortical suppression
• Myoclonus