Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 1

IL-17A cytokine effects

Answer 1

1. ↑ angiogenesis (pannus formation)
2. ↑ RANKL expression on T-cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts) => osteoclastogenesis
3. ↑ TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta

Question 2

TNF alpha cytokine effects

Answer 2

INDUCES BONE RESORPTION (causing OSTEOPENIA)

1. ↑ MMPs, cytokines, adhesion molecules
2. ↓ osteoprogerin (OPG)
3. ↑ RANK+ precursor osteoclast population (RANKL is expressed by osteoblast and is blocked by DKK1 - see next point)
4. inhibits DKK1, which is necessary for osteoblast formation

Question 3

IL-6 cytokine effects

Answer 3

1. B cell proliferation

2. Antibody production

Question 4

IL-1 beta cytokine effects

Answer 4

↑ MMPs, chemokines, cytokines, and prostaglandins

Question 5

Extra-articular clinical features of RA

Answer 5

1. Sub-Q (rheumatoid nodules)
2. Episcleritis
3. Pericarditis
4. Pulmonary fibrosis