Aneurysms & Carotid Artery Surgery Flashcards
(37 cards)
what is an aneurysm
it is a localised, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall that causes an outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon
what are aneurysms a result of
a weakened blood vessel wall, aneurysms may also be a result of a hereditary condition of an acquired disease
state 3 causes of aneurysm disease
degenerative disease
connective tissue disease - Marfan’s syndrome
infection
what are risk factors for degenerative aortic abdominal aortic aneurysm disease
male sex age smoking hypertension family history
what is the prevalence of aneurysm disease in the UK
3%
what is the presentation of symptomatic aneurysm disease
impending rupture:
increasing back pain
tender abdominal aortic aneurysm
rupture abdominal pain back pain flank pain painful pulsatile mass haemodynamic instibiltiy hypo-perfusion
what is abdominal aortic aneurysm screening
it is a way of checking if there is a bulge or swelling in the aorta, this bulge or swelling is called an abdominal aortic aneurysm
what is endovascular aneurysm repair
it is a type of endovascular surgery used to treat pathology of the aorta, most commonly an abdominal aortic aneurysm
describe general complications of open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms
wound infection
bleeding
pain
scar
describe technial complications of open repair treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm
damage to the bowel, ureters, veins, nerves incisional hernia graft infection distal emboli renal failure colonic ischaemia
describe patient factor complications of open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
DVT PE MI stroke death
describe general complications of endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms
wound infection bleeding pain scar radiation
describe technical complications of endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms
endoleak femoral artery dissection rupture colonic ischaemia damage to femoral vein
describe patient factor complications of endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms
DVT PE MI stroke death
what is endoleak
it is persistent blood flow in the aneurysm sac extrinsic to the endograft and is the most common complication after endovascular aneurysm repair
what is atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries associated with
transient ischaemic attacks and ischaemic stroke
what is an transient ischaemic attack
it is a focal central nervous system disturbance caused by vascular events such as micro emboli and occlusion, leading to cerebral ischaemia
how long do symptoms last for transient ischaemic attack
symptoms last less than 24 hours and there are no permanent neurological sequelae
state 3 causes of stroke
cerebral infarction
primary intracerebral haemorrhage
subarachnoid haemorrhage
describe a carotid ultrasound
it is an imaging technique which uses sound waves to produce pictures of the carotid arteries in the neck which carry blood from the heart to the brain
describe a doppler sound study
it is a technique that evaluates blood flow through a blood vessel
what is Poiseuille’s law
it is a statement in physics
what does Poiseuille’s law state
the velocity of the steady flow of a fluid through a narrow tube varies directly as the pressure and the fourth power of the radius of the tube and inversely as the length of the tube and coefficient of viscosity
basically describe Poiseuille’s law in relation to vessel radius, resistance to flow and viscosity
as the radius of a vessel decreases (i.e. stenosis), velocity increases
