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Cardiovascular system > Cardiomyopathy, Myocarditis and Pericarditis > Flashcards

Cardiomyopathy, Myocarditis and Pericarditis Flashcards

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1
Q

what is cardiomyopathy?

A

it is disease of the heart muscle which affects its size, shape and structure

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2
Q

state 2 common cardiomyopathies

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

dilated cardiomyopathy

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3
Q

basically describe cardiomyopathy

A

diseased heart muscle that cannot contract adequately

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4
Q

what does cardiomyopathy result in

A

the failure of the heart muscle to meet the needs of the body for oxygen rich blood and removal of carbon dioxide and other waste products

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5
Q

what is the consequence of the heart in cardiomyopathy

A

the heart is weak and cannot maintain a normal ejection fraction or cardiac output

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6
Q

what are the 3 main types of inherited cardiomyopathy

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
dilated cardiomyopathy
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

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7
Q

what is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

it is a condition in which a portion of the heart becomes thickened without an obvious cause

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8
Q

what does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy result in

A

the heart being less able to pump blood effectively

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9
Q

what is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by

A

it is caused by a change or mutation in one or more genes

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10
Q

what is the chance of a child of someone with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy inheriting the condition

A

50%

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11
Q

what are common symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A 
shortness of breath
chest pain
palpitation
light headedness
fainting
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12
Q

what determines how the symptoms affect you

A

the area of the myocardium affected and the degree of stiffening of the myocardium

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13
Q

what are common tests of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A 
ECG
ECHO
exercise test
MRI
genetic testing - as it is an inherited condition
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14
Q

is there a cure of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

no

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15
Q

what does treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy depend on

A

how your heart is affected and your symptoms

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16
Q

what is dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

it is a disease to your heart muscle where it becomes stretched and thin, meaning that the heart is unable to pump blood around the body

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17
Q

what is dilated cardiomyopathy caused by?

A

a change or mutation in one or more genes

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18
Q

if your present with dilated cardiomyopathy, what is the chance that your child will inherit the condition

A

50%

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19
Q

apart from being caused genetically, what else caused dilated cardiomyopathy

A 
viral infections
uncontrolled hypertension
problems with your heart valves
excessive amounts of alcohol
pregnancy
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20
Q

describe dilated cardiomyopathy

A

the myocardium becomes weak, thin or floppy and is unable to pump blood around the body efficiently

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21
Q

what can dilated cardiomyopathy lead to

A

heart failure, it can lead to fluid building up in the lungs, ankles, abdomen and other organs of the body

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22
Q

what are the most common symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

shortness of breath
swelling of the ankles and abdomen
excessive tiredness
palpitations

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23
Q

what are common tests of dilated cardiomyopathy

A 
ECG - records electrical activity of the heart
ECHO
exercise test
angiogram
MRI
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24
Q

is there a cure for dilated cardiomyopathy

A

no

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25
what does treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy depend on
the myocardium affected and presenting symptoms
26
state conditions that can develop as a result of dilated cardiomyopathy
abnormal heart rhythms arrhythmia blood clots chest pain
27
describe treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy
medicines to control blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythms or other symptoms pacemaker - to control your heart rate ICD
28
what is arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
it is a rare disease of the myocardium, it is an inherited condition
29
what is a arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy caused by
a change or mutation in one or more genes
30
what are the chances of inheriting arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
your chances vary, | you might inherit the mutation however you may not develop the condition
31
how are cells of the myocardium normally held together
by proteins
32
describe the cells of the myocardium in people with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
the proteins that normally hold the cells together do not develop properly and so cannot keep the heart muscle cells together, the cells become detached and fatty deposits build up in an attempt to repair the damage
33
what side does arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy usually affect
the myocardium of the right side
34
what do the changes in the myocardium mean
the heart doesn't pump blood around your body properly
35
what can arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy cause
abnormal heart rhythms | your heart's normal electrical impulses are disrupted as they pass through the areas of damaged and scarred muscle cells
36
what are the 4 phases of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
concealed phase overt phase weakening of the right ventricle weakening of the left ventricle
37
will everyone develop the phases of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
no
38
describe the concealed phase of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
small changes in the right ventricle
39
describe the overt phase of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
noticeable structural changes to the myocardium, these changes affect the pumping action of the heart, cause abnormal heart rhythms
40
describe the weakening of the right ventricle phase of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
the right ventricle becomes stretched, and the pumping action becomes weaker
41
describe the weakening of the left ventricle phase of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
the left ventricle now also becomes affected, and the pumping action of both the ventricles becomes weaker
42
what are symptoms of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
``` palpitations lightheadedness fainting breathlessness abnormal heart rhythms swollen ankles or legs swelling of the abdomen risk of sudden death on exertion ```
43
what are common tests of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
ECG - records the electrical activity of the heart ECHO - shows the pumping action of your heart exercise test signal averaged ECG MRI
44
what are 3 aims of treatment of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
to identify those at risk of sudden cardiac death to prevent or control arrhythmias to improve the pumping action of the heart muscle
45
is arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy curable
no
46
how are symptoms of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy controlled
mostly through medicines, although you may undergo treatments such as cardioversion or catheter ablation
47
can cardiomyopathy be reversed or cured
no
48
describe medicines for cardiomyopathy
medicines to treat hypertension, prevent water retention, keep the heart beating with a normal rhythm, prevent blood clots and reduce inflammation
49
describe the genetics of cardiomyopathy
it is the most common familial heart disease with vast genetic heterogeneity mutations in 11 or more genes encoding proteins of the cardiac sarcomere are responsible for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and is attributed to mutations in one of a number of genes that encode for the sarcomere proteins
50
what is myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle
51
what are the causes of myocarditis
many viruses contagious diseases cocaine use
52
what are the most common viruses that cause myocarditis
those associated with upper respiratory tract infections
53
state a contagious disease that can cause myocarditis
Lyme disease
54
what can myocarditis rarely be caused by
cocaine use
55
what is the most common symptom of myocarditis
shortness of breath during exercise or exertion
56
what are other symptoms of myocarditis
``` fatigue heart palpitations chest pain chest pressure leg swelling sudden loss of consciousness abnormal heart rhythms shortness of breath lightheadedness irregular heartbeat ```
57
what are the symptoms of the majority of cases of myocarditis
the majority of cases of myocarditis have no symptoms and are not diagnosed
58
what are common tests for myocarditis
``` ECG CXR ECHO MRI heart biopsy ```
59
what is medication is myocarditis commonly treated with
medications used to treat heart failure
60
what is recommended for someone with myocarditis
rest and a low salt diet
61
what may be used to reduce heart inflammation
steroids and other medications
62
why may additional medications, a pacemaker or even a defibrillator be required
if an abnormal heart rhythm is present
63
what is the pericardium
it is a protective fluid filled sac around the heart
64
what is pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium | swelling of the pericardium
65
what does pericarditis cause
chest pain and fever
66
what are common tests for pericarditis
blood tests CXR ECG ECHO
67
what causes pericarditis
it is difficult to confirm the exact cause of pericarditis, but usually a viral infection
68
what does pericarditis often occur
after a viral infection, such as a sore throat or cold
69
describe the treatment of pericarditis
anti-inflammatory painkillers prescribed generally | should feel better within 1-2 weeks

Cardiovascular system (34 decks)

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