Anatomy of the CVS 1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Anatomy of the CVS 1 Deck (23)
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1
Q

where is the heart positioned?

A

just behind and slightly left of the breastbone

2
Q

where is the heart located?

A

it is located in the chest between the lungs behind the sternum and above the diaphragm

3
Q

what is the heart surrounded by?

A

it is surrounded by the pericardium

4
Q

where is the hearts centre located?

A

about 1.5cm to the left of the midsagittal plane

5
Q

where does the aorta originate from?

A

the left ventricle of the heart

6
Q

where does the aorta extend down to?

A

the abdomen

7
Q

where does the aorta split into 2 smaller arteries?

A

in the abdomen

8
Q

where is the superior vena cava positioned?

A

it is located in the anterior right superior mediastinum

9
Q

where does the inferior vena cava run?

A

it runs posterior to the abdominal cavity and alongside the right vertebral column of the spine

10
Q

what are the major superficial veins of the upper limb?

A

the cephalic and basilica veins

11
Q

where are the major superficial veins of the upper limb located?

A

within the subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb

12
Q

where does the basilica vein originate from?

A

the dorsal network of the hand

13
Q

where does the basilica vein ascend?

A

the medial aspect of the upper limb

14
Q

where do the superficial veins of the lower limb run?

A

in the subcutaneous tissue

15
Q

state the 2 major superficial veins

A

the great saphenous vein and the small saphenous vein

16
Q

what is the great saphenous vein formed by?

A

the dorsal venous arch of the foot and the dorsal vein of the great toe

17
Q

what are the 3 key layers of a blood vessel?

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

18
Q

what is the pericardium?

A

it is the membrane enclosing the heart

19
Q

what does the pericardium consist of?

A

an outer fibrous layer of serous membrane and an inner double layer of serous membrane

20
Q

what is the function of both layers of the pericardium?

A

lubricating the heart to prevent friction during heart activity

21
Q

what is the role of the cardiac veins?

A

they return deoxygenated blood containing metabolic waste products from the myocardium to the right atrium

22
Q

what fibres innervate the heart?

A

vagal and sympathetic fibers

23
Q

state the nerves that externally innervate the heart

A

the phrenic nerve
the vagus nerve
and sympathetic fibers