Angular limb deformities

Question 1

what is the signallment of ALD

Answer 1

young, rapidly growing foals (colts)

Question 2

what is the worst

Answer 2

fetlock varus (any varus is bad)

Question 3

what is the most common ALD

Answer 3

carpal valgus

Question 4

why do we have to address the tarsus first instead of the carpus

Answer 4

the tarsus growth plate stops growing at 3 months

Question 5

what are the two ALDs

Answer 5

ligament joint laxity and incomplete endochondral ossifications

Question 6

what does joint laxity look like

Answer 6

wind swept, SC do not worry about ALD

Question 7

what does incomplete ossification look like on radiographs

Answer 7

the bones in the joint look round when they should look square

Question 8

what can incomplete ossification look like in the horse

Answer 8

sickle hocks

Question 9

cause of acquired ALD when not lame

Answer 9

genetic and nutritional

Question 10

what degree of angulation is considered mild vs severe

Answer 10

mild: <5
severe: >15

Question 11

in the carpus, what is protective for carpal injury

Answer 11

mild valgus may be protective

Question 12

how do we determine if it is the carpal bones or the physis

Answer 12

look at radiographs for the pivot point

Question 13

physis vs carpal bones. which can we fix and which can we just protect

Answer 13

we can fix the physis but we cant fix the carpal bones

Question 14

what is the key to any ALD treatment

Answer 14

do it as early as possible before growth plates close

Question 15

treatment for joint laxity

Answer 15

exercise, brace if very severe

Question 16

whats the treatment for incomplete ossification

Answer 16

tube casts and splints

Question 17

treatment for asymmetrical growth of the physis

Answer 17

corrective trimming, hoof extensions +- shoeing

Question 18

where do you put the hoof extensions on valgus deformity

Answer 18

extension medial

Question 19

what are the two surgical therapies for physis

Answer 19

periosteal transection, elevation

transphyseal bridging

Question 20

what side do you transphyseal bridge on valgus

Answer 20

bridge the medial side

Question 21

what is the potential problem with bridging a physis

Answer 21

you can overcorrect if you dont take it out soon enough

Question 22

when does the MTP cessation of growth occur

Answer 22

120d

Question 23

carpus vs fetlock what has the worst prognosis and why

Answer 23

fetlock you have to implement treatment basically one month of age.

Question 24

best prevention for ALD

Answer 24

educate, dont over feed, monitor and early detection

Question 25

treatment for laxity

Answer 25

moderate exercise, trimming feet, shoeing to get fetlocks off of the ground

Question 26

where do you put the shoe extension for laxity

Answer 26

heel extensions to get the fetlock off of the ground

Question 27

what are the stages of joint flexural deformity

Answer 27

greater than 90 degrees is stage 2

Question 28

what is the treatment for stage 2 distal interphalangeal joint flexural deformity

Answer 28

cut the distal check lg. salvage sx

Question 29

what is the cause of a fetlock joint flexural deformity

Answer 29

SDFT issue.

Question 30

what do you do to fix the fetlock joint flexion

Answer 30

cut the proximal check lg

Question 31

knuckling at the fetlock

Answer 31

flexural deformity of the SDFT

Question 32

what is the treatment for carpal flexural deformity

Answer 32

first week of life: oxytet exercise, splints, +- surgery

Question 33

coffin joint flexural deformity goal

Answer 33

lower the heel to encourage tendon stretch toe extension

Question 34

flexural deformity treatment if not the coffin joint

Answer 34

splinting and casting

Question 35

what is the surgical treatment that can fix carpal flexural deformity

Answer 35

ulnaris lateralis, flexor carpi ulnaris (only if severe)