Animal and plant cells Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is the primary role of sperm cells?
To fertilise the egg
Sperm cells contain genetic material and enzymes to penetrate an egg
What is contained in the acrosome of a sperm cell?
Enzymes
These enzymes help the sperm penetrate the egg
What is the function of the mitochondria in sperm cells?
To release energy needed to swim
Mitochondria are essential for the sperm’s movement and fertilisation
How does the tail of a sperm cell contribute to its function?
Enables the sperm to swim
The tail is crucial for mobility
What adaptations do nerve cells have for communication?
Extensions and branches
These allow nerve cells to connect with other cells
What covers the nerve cell to speed up nerve impulses?
Fatty sheath
This insulation is vital for faster signal transmission
What structure in muscle cells enables contraction?
Filaments of protein
These filaments slide over each other to cause muscle movement
What is a unique feature of heart muscle and skeletal muscle cells?
Banded appearance
This is due to the arrangement of protein filaments
Why do muscle cells contain many mitochondria?
To provide energy for muscle contraction
Energy is essential for muscle activity
What adaptation allows root hair cells to absorb water efficiently?
Large surface area
This maximizes contact with soil water
What characteristic of root hair cell walls aids water movement?
Thin walls
Thin walls facilitate easier water absorption
What allows xylem vessels to maintain a continuous column of water?
No top and bottom walls
This structural feature aids in water transport
What happens to the walls of xylem cells as they mature?
They become thickened and woody
This provides support to the plant structure
What do companion cells in the phloem provide?
Energy for substance transport
Companion cells are crucial for the function of sieve tubes
What substances can be transported by the phloem?
Dissolved sugars and amino acids
Phloem transports these substances both up and down the stem
