Animal Nutrition: Chapter 41 Textbook Notes

Question 1

What are the major classes of digestive systems in animals

Answer 1

Monogastric= humans

Avian= birds digestive system

Ruminant= Cows

Pseudo-ruminant= horse, hamsters, etc

Question 2

What are the four classes of essential nutrients

Answer 2

8 amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals

Question 3

Why does example of negative feedback Loop pertaining to food

Answer 3

Nutrient intake: insulin and glucagon help bring the blood sugar back to homeostasis

Question 4

What are some examples to show how vertebrate I just have systems are adapted to diet

Answer 4

Dental adaptations

Stomach and intestinal adaptations: expandable stomachs are common and carnivorous vertebrates, the length of the digestive system is different in different vertebrates

Question 5

Food provides chemical energy called

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

Food provides carbon skeletons for biosynthesis aka

Answer 6

The organic building blocks

Question 7

What are essential nutrients

Answer 7

Nutrients that the body doesn’t makeso we must get it from an outside source

Question 8

Vitamins(organic), minerals (inorganic) and amino acid (organic) are

Answer 8

Essential nutrients

Question 9

Food processing involves

Answer 9

Ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination

Question 10

Bulkfeeders

Answer 10

Eating large pieces of food

Question 11

Filter feeding

Answer 11

A method of aquatic feeding in which the animal takes in many small pieces of prey at one time

Question 12

Substrate feeding

Answer 12

The organism lives on or inside their food source and feeds through the soft tissues

Example: leaf miner caterpillars and maggots

Question 13

Fluid feeding

Answer 13

Feed on the fluid of other organisms

Example: mosquitoes feeding on blood

Question 14

Intracellular digestion

Answer 14

Particles are engulfed by phagocytosis and digest within food vacuoles that have fused with lysosomes

Question 15

Extracellular digestion

Answer 15

Used by most animals

Enzymatic hydrolysis occurs outside cells in a gastrovascular cavity or alimentary

Question 16

Gastrovascular cavity

Answer 16

Found in animals like jelly fish

Has one opening that acts as the mouth and anus

Passes mouth and enters main cavity

Question 17

Alimentary canal

Answer 17

Found in humans/human digestive system

Continuous tube that stats with oral cavity then pharynx, then esophagus, etc

Question 18

What is the main difference between alimentary canal and a gastrovascular cavity

Answer 18

The main difference is that the gastrovascular cavity has the mouth and anus are the same thing. There is only one opening

Question 19

Look at diagram in photos for full digestive system in mammals

Question 20

Food intake triggers nervous and

Answer 20

Hormonal responses which causes secretion of digestive juices

Question 21

Vertebrates store excess calories in

Answer 21

Glycogen (liver and muscle cells)

Fat (in adipose cells)

Question 22

Lepton and insulin regulate what

Answer 22

Appetite