Chapter 22

Question 1

What did Darwin propose about life diversity

Answer 1

That it began over long periods of time from ancestral species through natural selection which was pretty controversial in its time

Question 2

What did Cuvier study

Answer 2

Fossils that did not involve e the idea of evolution

Question 3

What did Lamarck hypothesized

Answer 3

He hypothesize the evolution was the inheritance of acquired characteristics but his findings are not supported by any evidence

Question 4

What is another name natural selection goes by

Answer 4

Descent with modification which explains the adaptations in unity/diversity of life

Question 5

What did Darwin believe were the key components to create a new species

Answer 5

Ancestral forms + adaptation will produce a new species

Question 6

What is the relationship between dissent with modification a natural selection mechanism

Answer 6

Descent with modification produces diversity through natural selection mechanism 

Question 7

What were the two observations made about natural selection

Answer 7

-individuals in population have different heritable characteristics
-Organisms produce more offspring the environment can support

Question 8

What are the two inferences mean about natural selection

Answer 8

-Individuals with that or adaptation survive and leave more healthy offspring
-Favorable traits accumulate in population which means more competition

Question 9

True or false: evolution is greatly supported by scientific evidence

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the evidence that supports evolution

Answer 10

-Homology
-convergent evolution
-Fossils

Question 11

Convergent Evolution

Answer 11

When independently evolving species in similar environments evolve in similar ways because of natural selection

Question 12

What is the importance of fossils in the evolution

Answer 12

Fossils can document the evolutionary origin of new groups of organisms

Question 13

What can evolutionary theory explain

Answer 13

Can explain some biogeographic patterns

Question 14

How is a heritable trait determined

Answer 14

Heritable traits is one that is determined at least in part by genes passed from parents to offspring

Question 15

What does it mean that organisms have a nearly universal genetic code

Answer 15

A specific DNA sequence in codes the same information in one species as it was in nearly any other species

Question 16

adaptation

Answer 16

A trait that gives an organism A reproductive advantage in the current Environment

Question 17

From his observations of organisms in the Galapagos islands, Darwin reason that____________

Answer 17

Organisms have adapted to new environments giving rise to new species

Question 18

Which researcher developed the theory of evolution that was very similar to Charles Darwins?

Answer 18

Wallace sent Darwin a manuscript outlining the theory of natural selection that was very similar to Charles Darwins

Question 19

How are Staphylococcus aureus Resistant to the drug methicillin

Answer 19

Resistant varieties existed in the population but did not confirm any advantage until you environment change with the introduction of the truck methicillin

Question 20

What characteristic about embryos challenge the traditional pre-1860 ideas about embryology

Answer 20

Embryos of the similar organisms such as sharks in humans resemble each other

Question 21

What did Darwin and other scientist initially think about the origin of species

Answer 21

Most scientist including Darwin thought you species was specially created by God and its present form and did not change over time

Question 22

How does natural selection result in an organisms adaptation to their environment

Answer 22

It begins with some individuals having more advantageous traits and because they have a better chance to survive and reproduce with these traits those individuals pass on those adaptive traits to their offspring. Overtime the advantageous traits become more common in the population because they can survive better with those traits