Chapter 4 Flashcards
Organic chemistry ls key to the origin
Of life
Living matter is made mostly of……
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
Biological diversity results from…
carbon’s ability to make many bonds which create a large number of molecules with different properties and structures
Stanley Miller’s experiment
Miller’s experiment showed that organic molecules could form under the physical and chemical conditions of early Earth I found abiotic synthesis of organic molecules→ is the first step in the origin of life
Carbon skeletons
When carbon forms with other carbonthat has bonding sites for atoms of other elements
How many valence electrons does carbon have
4
What does carbon must commonly bond to
Oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
Carbon skeletons vary in….
Length and shape
Isomers
Same molecular formula but different structures and properties
Isomer types
Structural, cis-trans and enantiomers
Asymmetric carbon
When a carbon atom is connected to 4 different atoms or groups of atoms
Structural isomers
Same chemical formula, but different Structure, differ in covalent partners
Cis-trans isomer
Same formula but different formation of functional groups must have double bonds
Cis isomers
Has similar types of molecules or atoms on the same side, usually polar
Enantiomers
A pair of molecules that mirror eachother but cannot be superimposed on each other → has a chiral carbon aka central carbon cannot be symmetrical
