Flashcards in Ankle Deck (29):
1
List the key bony components of the ankle
medial malleolus
tibial plafond
talar dome
lateral malleolus
(posterior malleolus)
2
List the key tendons of the ankle
peroneal tendons
achilles tendon
3
List the ligaments of the ankle
Lateral: ATF, CF
Posterior: PTF, CF, PITF
Medial: deltoid
Anterior: AITF, syndesmotic
4
The ______ ligaments control the relationship between the tibia and the fibula
syndesmotic
5
List the order of ligaments involved in ankle sprains
ATFL--> CFL-->PTFL
6
Syndesmotic ligaments are involved in ______ ankle sprains
high
7
Anterior drawer sign on the ankle suggests involvement of the _____ ligament
ATF
8
Anterior drawer sign of the ankle in addition to gross dislocation suggests:
ATFL and CFL are torn
PTFL likely torn
9
Anterior drawer sign of the ankle in addition to gross dislocation suggests:
ATFL and CFL are torn
PTFL likely torn
10
Anterior drawer sign and inversion laxity/ talar tilt suggests:
ATF and CF torn
11
CFL disruption is associated with _______, as seen on x ray
inversion laxity- tild of talus creates a wedge shaped joint space
12
How are ankle sprains treated?
RICE
good recovery but variable timeline
13
Ligaments involved in ankle sprains are ________, thus have good blood supply and capacity to heal
extra-articular
14
List four ankle sprain "impersonators"
Fractures of talar dome
Anterior process calcaneal fractures
Lateral process talus fractures
Peroneal tendon dislocations
15
What demographic of patients are at risk for achiles tendon rupture
middle aged individuals, starting new athletic activity
16
What is the classic history for an achilles tendon rupture?
Playing a sport, sudden pop, felt like they were kicked in the back of the leg
17
Describe findings on Thomson test that suggest achilles tendon rupture
Squeeze calf muscle, lift upward- no plantar flexion noted
should get passive plantar flexion if achilles is intact
18
Treatment of an achilles tendon rupture can be ______ or _______
operative or non-operative
19
Malleolar fractures are more ____, pilon fractures are more _____
malleolar more common
pilon more severe
20
What mechanism of injury causes malleolar fracture
torsion and bending
21
What mechanism of injury causes pilon fracture?
high energy axial load- crushing
22
Describe possible patterns of malleolar fracture
- Medial Malleolar Fracture
- Lateral Malleolar Fracture (Fibula)
- Posterior Malleolar Fracture
- Bimalleolar Fracture: Medial and Lateral Malleolar Fractures
- Trimalleolar Fracture: Medial, Lateral, and Posterior Malleolar Fractures
23
Describe possible patterns of malleolar fracture
- Medial Malleolar Fracture
- Lateral Malleolar Fracture (Fibula)
- Posterior Malleolar Fracture
- Bimalleolar Fracture: Medial and Lateral Malleolar Fractures
- Trimalleolar Fracture: Medial, Lateral, and Posterior Malleolar Fractures
24
What is the most common pattern of a malleolar fracture
Bi-malleolar- medial and lateral
25
The goal of all approaches to ankle fracture care is to restore ___________ of the ankle joint
mortise alignment
26
A normal ankle mortise has _________ joint space
symmetric
27
Fractures with an intact mortise are treated ________
non-operatively- cast or boot
28
Fractures that disrupt the mortise alignment of the ankle are treated _______
surgically
29