ANS Composition

Question 1

sympathetic trunk ganglia and prevertebral ganglia are types of what?

Answer 1

sympathetic ganglia, paravertebral ganglia, or vertebral chain ganglia

Question 2

Sympathetic postganglionic axons are short or long?

Answer 2

long

Question 3

Which ganglia are anterior to the vertebral column, close to the abdominal arteries?

Answer 3

Prevertebral ganglia

Question 4

Do the sympathetic trunk ganglia and prevertebral ganglia have the same lengths for pre and post ganglionic?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Superior mesentric and inferior mesentric ganglion are major parts of the prevertebral ganglia, What are the 3 others?

Answer 5

celiac ganglion, aorticorenal ganglion, and renal ganglion

Question 6

The preganglionic axons of the parasympathetic ganglion synapse with post postganglionic neurons in which ganglia?

Answer 6

terminal ganglia

Question 7

Name the parasympathetic ganglias of the head

Answer 7

cilliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, and otic

Question 8

Which nerves connect the axons of parasympathetic neurons to the parasympathetic postpanglion neurons in terminal ganglia in the walls of the colon, ureters, urinary blabber, and reproductive organs?

Answer 8

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 9

What are the 4 methods that the neurons arriving at sympathetic trunk connect with post ganglionic neurons?

Answer 9

synapsing in the 1st ganglion it reaches, ascending or descending before synapsing, continuing without synapsing through trunk ganglion to a prevertebral ganaglion, and continuing without synapsing through para and prevertebral ganglion to the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medullae

Question 10

Why are sympathetic responses able to typically affect almost the entire body simultaneously?

Answer 10

Because preganglionic fibers have many axon collaterals and synapse with a number of postganglionic neurons

Question 11

Why can parasympathetic responses be localized to a single effector?

Answer 11

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse with a limited number of postganglionic neurons in the same visceral effector

Question 12

What makes parasympathetic postganglionic neurons different from their sympathetic counterparts?

Answer 12

They terminate in the same effector after leaving their ganglia rather than branching out

Question 13

parasympathetic postganglion axons are long. true or false?

Answer 13

false

Question 14

A tangled network of neurons formed jointly by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is known as?

Answer 14

Autonomic plexuses

Question 15

Which organs will you find the autonomic plexuses?

Answer 15

thorax, abdomen, and pelvis

Question 16

The ANS is a collection of afferent and efferent neurons. T or F?

Answer 16

T

Question 17

what are afferent and efferent neurons?

Answer 17

afferent are visceral sensory while efferent are visceral motor

Question 18

What part of the brain regulates the ANS?

Answer 18

hypothalamus and brain stem

Question 19

While autonomic sensory neurons propagate into integrating centers of the CNS, where to autonomic motor neurons propagate to?

Answer 19

effector tissues of glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

Question 20

what is the name and subdivisions of the nervous tissue outside the CNS?

Answer 20

PNS subdivided into ENS, ANS, and SNS

Question 21

chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors are examples of which kind of ANS receptor?

Answer 21

interoreceptors

Question 22

what is operational advantage that ANS has over skeletal muscle voluntary innervation?

Answer 22

they have the intrinsic function to continue to operate even if nerve supply is damaged

Question 23

What is the difference btw somatic motor neuron and autonomic motor neuron?

Answer 23

autonomic motor pathway contains 2 motor neurons in series from CNS to effector while somatic motor neuron has one

Question 24

Which neuron has its cell body in the CNS and contains myelinated axons that extend from the CNS to an autonomic ganglion?

Answer 24

pre-ganglionic neuron

Question 25

Which neuron has its cell body in the autonomic ganglion and contains unmyelinated axons that extend from the ganglion to the effector?

Answer 25

post-ganglionic neurons

Question 26

Which neurotransmitters do somatic and autonomic neurons release?

Answer 26

somatic neurons release ACh while autonomic neurons release ACh and norepinephrine

Question 27

The motor portion of the ANS is divided into which 2 components?

Answer 27

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 28

an increase in sympathetic causes an increase in parasympathetic. T or F?

Answer 28

F

Question 29

what portion of the spinal cord will you find the cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons?

Answer 29

lateral gray horns T1-T12 and L1-L2

Question 30

Where would you find the cell bodies of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?

Answer 30

Cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10 and lateral horns of S2-S4 of the spinal cord

Question 31

Autonomic plexuses can be be a component of autonomic motor pathways and axons of autonomic sensory neurons. T or F?

Answer 31

T

Question 32

Which nerves do the cardiac (thoracic) plexus contribute to?

Answer 32

sympathetic post-ganglionic and parasympathetic pre-ganglionic

Question 33

Which pathway of the pulmonary plexus causes bronchoconstriction and which one causes bronchodialation?

Answer 33

the sympathetic pathway causes bronchodialation and the parasympathetic pathway innervates bronchoconstriction

Question 34

Which is the largest autonomic plexus?

Answer 34

celiac plexus

Question 35

What is the difference btw superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric plexus?

Answer 35

superior supplies the small and large intestine, while the inferior supplies only the large intestine.

Question 36

Hypogastric plexus supplies the urinary bladder and genital organs (pelvic viscera) while the renal plexus supplies ____?

Answer 36

renal arteries within the kidneys and ureters

Question 37

what do myelinated axons pass through to form the sympathetic trunk/chain?

Answer 37

white rami communicantes

Question 38

White rami communicantes are only present in the same spinal region as the sympathetic preganglion neuron. T or F?

Answer 38

T

Question 39

You will find pairs of sympathetic trunk ganglia in all almost all portions of the spinal nerves except?

Answer 39

4 of the 7 cervical nerves

Question 40

The sympathetic preganglionic fibers that serve the head and neck emerge form which spinal cord segments?

Answer 40

T1-T6

Question 41

The superior cervical ganglion, middle cervical ganglion, and inferior cervical ganglion are portions of which ganglia?

Answer 41

cervical ganglia in the neck

Question 42

Superior cervical ganglion postganglionic sympathetic fibers supply which parts of the body?

Answer 42

head and heart

Question 43

Which organ do the middle cervical ganglion and the inferior cervical ganglion provide with sympathetic postganglionic fibers?

Answer 43

heart

Question 44

which region of the spinal cord receives most of the sympathetic preganglionic axons?

Answer 44

thoracic region

Question 45

The postganglionic fibers from the thoracic sympathetic trunk innervates which organs?

Answer 45

heart, lungs, arrectores pilorum muscles, bronchi, sweat glands, and blood vessels of the skin

Question 46

What are the ways that axons leave the sympathetic trunk?

Answer 46

enter spinal nerves, form cephalic periarterial nerves, form sympathetic nerves, and form splanchnic nerves

Question 47

What is the difference btw gray ramus communicans and white ramus communicans?

Answer 47

axons of postganglionic neurons leave the trunk by means of gray ramus while axons (myelinated) enter the trunk by white ramus

Question 48

They are formed by the movement of axon collaterals from preganglionic neurons through variable distances. What are they?

Answer 48

sympathetic chains

Question 49

gray rami communicates are associated with all spinal nerves. T or F?

Answer 49

T

Question 50

cephalic periarterial nerves are formed from ___?

Answer 50

postganglionic neurons from the superior cervical trunk wrap around carotid arteries

Question 51

sympathetic postganglionic neurons extend to ____ in the ____ to form sympathetic nerves of the heart and smooth muscles of the bronchi and lungs.

Answer 51

visceral effectors, thoracic region

Question 52

When sympathetic preganglionic neurons pass through the trunk without terminating until they reach prevertebra ganglia, what do they form?

Answer 52

splanchnic nerves

Question 53

which splanchnic nerve innervates the stomach and small intestine?

Answer 53

greater splanchnic nerve

Question 54

which splanchnic nerve innervates the colon and small intestine?

Answer 54

lesser splanchnic nerve

Question 55

which part of the splanchnic nerve innervates the rectum and urinary bladder?

Answer 55

lumbar splachnic nerve

Question 56

What does the adrenal medulla and postganglionic cell have in common?

Answer 56

they are made from chromaffin cells

Question 57

do sympathetic preganglionic or postganglionic neurons extend to adrenal medullae?

Answer 57

sympathetic preganglionic neurons

Question 58

The sacral parasympathetic outflow consists of ____?

Answer 58

lateral horn of S2 and S4

Question 59

List the cranial parasympathetic ganglias?

Answer 59

ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, and otic ganglia

Question 60

which ganglias with preganglionic axons of the cranial parasympathetic ganglia are from facial (VII) nerves?

Answer 60

submandibular and pterygopalatine ganglia

Question 61

most of the craniosacral flow that leave the brain to different effector organs emerge from which cranial nerve?

Answer 61

vagus (X) nerve

Question 62

the pelvic splanchnic nerve is formed by ___?

Answer 62

preganglionic neurons of the sacral parasympathetic outflow