Cerebrum

Question 1

The outer rim of grey matter containing billions of neurons in the cerebrum are known as?

Answer 1

cerebral cortex

Question 2

The folds of the cerebrum are ______ and the shallow grove between them are ______

Answer 2

gyrus; sulcus

Question 3

What are the deeper grooves between gyri called?

Answer 3

fissures

Question 4

What separates the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres?

Answer 4

longitudinal fissure

Question 5

The cerebrum hemispheres work together. T or F?

Answer 5

F

Question 6

The largest fiber bundle used by means of commissure to communicate between cerebrum hemispheres are known as?

Answer 6

corpus callosum

Question 7

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 7

Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal

Question 8

Which sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

Answer 8

central sulcus

Question 9

Which sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the temporal?

Answer 9

lateral sulcus

Question 10

what is the difference between association tracts and commissural tracts of cerebral white matter?

Answer 10

association tracts contain myelinated axons that conduct nerve impulses btw gyri in the same hemisphere while commissural tracts conducts btw gyri of the 2 hemispheres

Question 11

Which tract of cerebral white matter conduct nerve impulses from the cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS and vice versa?

Answer 11

projection tracts

Question 12

What are the important groups of commissural tracts?

Answer 12

corpus callosum, anterior commissure, and posterior commissure

Question 13

Why is it unusual to have the name of a component as basal “ganglia” in the cerebrum?

Answer 13

Because ganglia usually refers to a group of cell bodies outside of the CNS

Question 14

What is another name for the the three nuclei layers of the basal ganglia?

Answer 14

corpus straitum

Question 15

Which component of the basal ganglia has a tail?

Answer 15

caudate nucleus

Question 16

which components of the basal ganglia are part of the lentiform nucleus?

Answer 16

globus pallidus and putamen

Question 17

What separates the caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia and thalamus from the lentiform nucleus of the basal ganglia?

Answer 17

internal capsule

Question 18

what is the function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 18

initiation and termination of movements; unconscious contraction of skeletal muscles

Question 19

Which part of the brain is involved with action selection?

Answer 19

basal ganglia

Question 20

What results in parkinson disease?

Answer 20

degeneration of the melanin-pigmented dopamine producing neurons of the basal ganglia

Question 21

The damage of ____ results in huntington’s disease?

Answer 21

corpus striatum

Question 22

What are the symptoms of basal ganglia damage?

Answer 22

involuntary muscle movement, uncontrollable shaking, and muscular rigidity

Question 23

Basal ganglia damage has been found in which conditions?

Answer 23

OCD & ADHD

Question 24

This system is known as the emotional brain and encircles the upper part of the brain?

Answer 24

limbic system

Question 25

What is the acronym for the main components of the limbic system?

Answer 25

FOAM CALDH

Question 26

What is the role of the hippocampus?

Answer 26

converting new information into long-term memory

Question 27

which component of the limbic system is responsible for docile behavior, rage, fear, aggression, and restlessness?

Answer 27

Amyglada

Question 28

what are 2 components of the limbic system that synapse with the olfactory receptors to form relay stations?

Answer 28

olfactory bulbs and mammillary bodies

Question 29

which component of the limbic system is involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory, regulates aggressive behavior, and mediates emotional responses to pain?

Answer 29

cingulate gyrus

Question 30

Which component of the limbic system is used to carry signals from the hippocampus to the mamillary body of the hypothalamus?

Answer 30

Fornix

Question 31

The loss of the ability to form new memory is known ____?

Answer 31

anterograde amnesia

Question 32

what is the cause of anterograde amnesia?

Answer 32

hippocampal damage

Question 33

What is known as the seat of consciousness that enables us to understand, appreciate and initiate voluntary movements?

Answer 33

cerebral cortex

Question 34

The cerebral cortex is composed of only gray matter with no fiber tracts. T or F?

Answer 34

T

Question 35

Each hemisphere is concerned with the the sensory and motor functions of the same side of the body. T or F?

Answer 35

F

Question 36

Parts of the cortex can be isolated for conscious behavior. T or F?

Answer 36

F

Question 37

if the sensory area interprets sensory impulses and the motor area initiates movement, what is the role of the association areas?

Answer 37

communicate with the motor cortex to analyze and act on sensory input

Question 38

Any cortical area that is not primary is known as?

Answer 38

association areas (combination of primary areas)

Question 39

How many areas did Korbinian Brodmann split the cortical areas into?

Answer 39

52

Question 40

Area ___ & ___ of the ___ lobe are the broca's speech area (speech production)

Answer 40

Area 44 and 45 of the frontal lobe

Question 41

Area 22, possibly 39 and 40 of the temporal and parietal lobe is also known as ___ and used for ____?

Answer 41

wernicke's area; interpret the meaning of speech by recognizing spoken words

Question 42

Wernicke's area and broca's speech area are collectively known as ____ in which cerebral hemisphere

Answer 42

language areas; left cerebral hemisphere

Question 43

The inability to use of comprehend words is known as ___

Answer 43

aphasia

Question 44

Damage to broca's speech area results in which symptom and impairment?

Answer 44

non-fluent aphasia; patient knows what to say but cannot articulate it

Question 45

which impairment exhibits word deafness, word blindness, and a string of good words with no combined meaning?

Answer 45

fluent aphasia

Question 46

the functional asymmetry of the cerebal hemispheres is known as?

Answer 46

hemispheric lateralization

Question 47

which hemisphere is usually associated with visual-spatial skills, intuition, and emotion?

Answer 47

right hemisphere

Question 48

This disease is associated with the progressive loss of the ability to read, write, talk, eat, and walk and a shrinking hippocampus. What is this disease?

Answer 48

alzheimer disease

Question 49

what are some notable brain abnormalities of a patient with alzheimer disease at autopsy?

Answer 49

loss of neurons; beta-amyloid plaques (abnormal proteins outside nucleus); and nuerofibillary plaques (abnormal proteins inside nucleus)