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A&P 1 IPAP (20-1) > Head, Neck, Torso Muscles > Flashcards

Head, Neck, Torso Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 groups of bones of the adult skeleton?

A

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

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2
Q

What are the basic types of bones?

A

long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid

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3
Q

How many bones are in the skull?

A

22 bones

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4
Q

What is the part of the skull that provides a case for the brain, meninges, nerves and associated structures?

A

neurocranium

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5
Q

What is also called the viscerocranium or splanchonocranium?

A

Facial skeleton

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6
Q

What is the anterior part of the skull containing the orbits, nasal cavities, maxilla, and mandible?

A

viscerocranium or splanchonocranium

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7
Q

Which foramen has the medulla oblongata and membranes, CN XI, and the vertebral and spinal arteries passing through it?

A

Foramen magnum

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8
Q

Which foramen has the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels passing through it?

A

mandibular foramen

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9
Q

Which foramen has the mandibular branch of cranial nerve V passing through it?

A

Foramen ovale

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10
Q

Which foramen has the maxillary branch of cranial nerve V passing through it?

A

Foramen rotundum

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11
Q

Which foramen has the internal carotid artery and sympathetic nerves for eyes passing through it?

A

Carotid foramen

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12
Q

Which foramen has cranial nerve XII and a branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery passing through it?

A

hypoglossal foramen

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13
Q

Which foramen has the internal jugular vein, cranial nerves IX, X, and XI passing through it?

A

jugular foramen

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14
Q

Which foramen contains a branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery?

A

foramen lacerum

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15
Q

Which foramen has cranial nerve VII and the stylomastoid artery passing through it?

A

stylomastoid foramen

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16
Q

What is the dome-like roof of the cranium made up of the superior portions of the frontal bone, occipital bone, and parietal bones?

A

Calvaria

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17
Q

What is the floor of the cranium, or the cranial base called?

A

Basicranium

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18
Q

Which bone forms forehead,roof of orbits, and anterior cranial floor?

A

Frontal bone

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19
Q

Which bone forms the side and roof of cranial activity?

A

parietal bone

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20
Q

Which foramen in the temporal bone does CN VII go through?

A

stylomastoid foramen

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21
Q

Which area of the temporal bone does CN VIII go through?

A

petrous portion

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22
Q

What is located in the middle part of the base of the skull, called the keystone bone?

A

sphenoid bone

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23
Q

What is the passageway for oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, and ophthalmic nerves?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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24
Q

The maxillary branch of the trigeminal (CN V2) passes through what?

A

foramen rotundum

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25
Q

What foramen transmits the mandibular nerve (CN V3)?

A

foramen ovale

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26
Q

What area of the sphenoid holds the pituitary gland?

A

sella turcica

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27
Q

What is the name for the anterior ridge of the sphenoid?

A

Tuberculin sellae

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28
Q

What is the name for the central depression of the sphenoid?

A

Hypophyseal fossa

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29
Q

What is the name for the posterior ridge of the sphenoid?

A

dorsum sellae

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30
Q

What are the attachment points for some muscles that move the mandible on the sphenoid?

A

pterygoid processes

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31
Q

What transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery in the sphenoid?

A

optic foramen

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32
Q

What forms part of the anterior portion of the cranial floor, the medial wall of the orbits, the superior portion of the nasal septum, and most of the superior side walls of the nasal cavity?

A

ethmoid bone

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33
Q

How many cranial bones are there?

A

8 bones

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34
Q

How many facial bones are there?

A

14 bones

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35
Q

What attaches to the flax cerebral from the ethmoid bone?

A

crystal galli

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36
Q

What area of the ethmoid bone does the olfactory nerve pass through?

A

olfactory foramina

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37
Q

Areas of the ethmoid bone containing sinuses?

A

lateral masses

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38
Q

What is the upper part of the nasal septum of the ethmoid bone?

A

perpendicular plate

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39
Q

These structures causes inhaled air to swirl and impact mucus; also called turbinates

A

superior and middle nasal conchae

40
Q

What forms the skeleton of the upper jaw that is fixed to the cranial base?

A

maxillae

41
Q

What forms the skeleton of the lower jaw that articulates with the cranial base at the temporomandibular joints and is moveable?

A

mandible

42
Q

What hold the upper teeth in the mandible?

A

alveolar processes

43
Q

What are the lateral wall of the orbit along with sphenoid?

A

zygomatic bones

44
Q

What are the bones that make up part of the medial wall of the orbit?

A

lacrimal bones

45
Q

What is the “L-shaped” bone that has one end that is the back part of the hard palate and the other end is part of the orbit?

A

Palatine

46
Q

What is the posterior part of the nasal septum?

A

Vomer

47
Q

What is the vertical partition that divides the nasal cavity into left and right sides?

A

Nasal septum

48
Q

What are the bones that make up the roof of the orbit?

A

frontal sphenoid

49
Q

What are the bones that make up the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Zygomatic sphenoid

50
Q

What are the bones that make up the floor of the orbit?

A

maxilla, zygomatic, palantine

51
Q

What are the bones that make up the medial wall of the orbit?

A

maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, and spenoid

52
Q

Which suture unites the parietal and occipital bones?

A

lambdoid suture

53
Q

Which suture unites the 2 parietal bones?

A

sagittal suture

54
Q

Which suture unites the frontal and both parietal bones?

A

corona suture

55
Q

Which suture unites the parietal and temporal bones?

A

squamous suture

56
Q

What are the dense CT membrane-filled spaces between the cranial bones of fetuses at birth called?

A

fontanels

57
Q

What are the cavities in bones of the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity?

A

paranasal sinuses

58
Q

What are the muscles that move the mandible?

A

masseter, temporalis, and pterygoids

59
Q

Which muscle retracts the mandible?

A

temporalis

60
Q

Which muscles elevates the mandible?

A

masseter/temporalis

61
Q

Which muscle protracts AND depresses the mandible?

A

lateral pterygoid

62
Q

Which muscle elevates and protracts the mandible?

A

medial pterygoid

63
Q

What are the four muscles that insert into the tongue?

A

Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Hyoglossus

64
Q

What are the five branches of the facial nerve?

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
65
Q

What is the muscle that closes the eye?

A

orbicularis oculi

66
Q

What is the muscle that puckers the mouth?

A

orbicularis oris

67
Q

What muscle forms the muscular portion of the cheek and assists in whistling, blowing, sucking, and chewing?

A

buccinator

68
Q

What is the origin of the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis?

A

occipital bone

69
Q

What is the origin of the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis?

A

Galea aponeurotica

70
Q

Which muscle has the action of elevating the eyebrows and wrinkling the skin of the forehead horizontally?

A

occipitofrontalis

71
Q

What is the occipitofrontalis muscle innervated by?

A

Temporal branch of facial nerve

72
Q

What is the insertion for the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis?

A

Fascia and skin superior to the eye and nose

73
Q

What is the insertion for the zygomaticus major and minor?

A

Zygomatic bone

74
Q

What is the insertion for the zygomaticus major?

A

Skin at the angle of mouth/ orbicularis oris

75
Q

What is the insertion for the zygomaticus minor?

A

Upper lip

76
Q

Which muscle draws angle of the mouth superiority and laterally (smile) and raises the upper lip?

A

Zygomaticus major/minor

77
Q

What is the zygomaticus major and minor innervated by?

A

Zygomatic/buccal branch

78
Q

Which branch of the facial nerve innervates the levator labii superioris?

A

Zygomatic branch

79
Q

The action of the ___ muscle is to raise the upper lip

A

Levator labii superioris

80
Q

The action of the ___ muscle depresses the lower lip

A

Depressor labii inferioris

81
Q

Which branch of the facial nerve innervates the depressor labii inferioris?

A

marginal mandibular branch

82
Q

Which muscle draws the mouth angle laterally and inferiority? (Frown)

A

Depressor annuli oris

83
Q

Which branch of the facial nerve innervates the depressor anguli oris?

A

Marginal mandibular branch

84
Q

Which muscle closes and protrudes the lips, compressing against teeth and shaping for speech?

A

Orbicularis oris

85
Q

The origin of the ___ muscle is the muscle fibers surrounding the opening of the mouth

A

Orbicularis oris

86
Q

What branch of the facial nerve innervates the orbicularis oris?

A

buccal branch

87
Q

The insertion of this muscle is the orbicularis oris

A

Buccinator

88
Q

What muscle presses the checks against the teeth and lips (whistling/blowing), and assists in mastication by keeping the food between teeth?

A

Buccinator

89
Q

What branch of the facial nerve innervates the buccinator?

A

buccal branch

90
Q

Which muscle draws the angle of the mouth laterally? (Grimace)

A

Risorius

91
Q

What branch of the facial nerve innervates the risorius?

A

Buccal branch

92
Q

The insertion for this muscle is the skin of the chin

A

Mentalis

93
Q

Which muscle elevates and protrudes the lower lip and pulls up skin of the chin? (Pout)

A

Mentalis

94
Q

What branch of the facial nerve innervates the mentalis?

A

Marginal mandibular branch

95
Q

Which muscle draws the outer part of the lower lip inferiority and posteriorly as in pouting AND depresses mandible?

A

Platysma

96
Q

The insertion for this muscle is the mandible, muscle around angle of the mouth, and skin of the lower face

A

Platysma

97
Q

What branch of the facial nerve innervates the platysma?

A

Cervical branch

A&P 1 IPAP (20-1) (8 decks)

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