Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

What is the orietnation of the external oblique?

Answer 1

Oblique

Question 2

What is the action of the external oblique?

Answer 2

Flexion of the torso and contralateral rotation of torsa

Question 3

What is the innervation of the external oblique?

Answer 3

Ventral rami of T7-12

Question 4

What is the orientaition of the internal oblqiue?

Answer 4

Superiormedial (upper)

Inferiormedial (lower)

Question 5

What are the actions of the internal oblique?

Answer 5

Bilaterally flex trunk and compress contents

Unlaterally flex and rotate to same side

Question 6

What is the innervation of the internal oblique?

Answer 6

T7-T12

LI

Question 7

What is the orientation of the transversus abdominis muscle fibres?

Answer 7

Horizontal

Question 8

What is the action of the transversus abdominis?

Answer 8

Compress the ribs and viscera providing thoracic and pelvic stability

Question 9

What is the innervation of the transversus abdominis?

Answer 9

T6-12

L1

Question 10

What is the oritentation of muscle fibres of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 10

Vertical

Question 11

What does the rectus abdominis do?

Answer 11

Flex lumbar pine

Intrabdominal pressure

Respiration

Question 12

What is the innervation of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 12

T7-12

Question 13

Try and label

(top right, bottom right then left)

Answer 13

Transversus abdominis

Rectus abdominis

Rectus sheath

Question 14

Label

Top right then bottom right

Then top left and bottom left

Answer 14

Linea alba

External obliques

Pectoralis major

Internal obliques

Question 15

What is the rectus sheath?

Answer 15

Tendon sheath (aponeurosis) which encloses the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles

It is an extension of the tendons of the external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles.

Question 16

What are the layers of the rectus sheath?

Answer 16

External oblique

Internal oblique

Tranversus abdominis

Question 17

What lies in the rectus sheath?

Answer 17

Rectus abdominis

Pyramidalis muscle

Question 18

What does the pyramidalis do?

Answer 18

Tense the linea alba

Question 19

What is where the posterior layer of the rectus sheath ends called?

Answer 19

Acurate line

Question 20

Label this- top right, bottom right, top left, bottom left

Answer 20

Superior epigastric

Inferior epigastric

Superior epigastric vein

Inferior epigastric vein

Question 21

What do the superior arteries arise from?

Answer 21

Internal thoracic artery

Question 22

What do the superior veins drain into?

Answer 22

Internal thoracic vein

Question 23

What do the inferior arteries arise from?

Answer 23

Femoral artery

Question 24

What do the inferior veins drain to?

Answer 24

Femoral veins

Question 25

What is caput medusa?

Answer 25

Formation of dilated abdominal wall veins which extend from the umbilicus

Question 26

Where does the lymph drain to above the umbilicus?

Answer 26

Anterior and posterior axillary lymph nodes

Question 27

What does the lymph drain to below the umbilicus?

Answer 27

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 28

What is the ingunal canal?

Answer 28

Oblique passage through the lower part of the abdominal wall 4cm long Pasage for structres from abdomen to genital region

Question 29

Where does the ingunal ligament originate?

Answer 29

At the pubic tubercle and attaches to the anterior superior illiac spine

Question 30

What is the inguinal ligament formed from?

Answer 30

The aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis

Question 31

The superficial inguinal ring is a break in the aponeurosis of what muscle layer?

Answer 31

External oblique

Question 32

What anatomical point is used to surgically determine the location of the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 32

Immediately above pubic crest 1cm above and superolateral to the pubic tubercle

Question 33

Where is the deep inguinal ring positioned in relation to the pubic tubercle?

Answer 33

Superior and posterior

Question 34

What layer is the deep inguinal ring an opening in?

Answer 34

Transversialis abdominis

Question 35

Anterior borders of the inguinal canal?

Answer 35

Medially- Superficial inguinal ring Laterally- Flesh part of internal oblique muscle

Question 36

Posterior borders of the inguinal canal?

Answer 36

Transversalis fascia Conjoint tendon Deep inguinal ring

Question 37

Roof borders of the inguinal canal?

Answer 37

Mid crus of aponeurosis of external oblique, deep inguinal ring, internal oblique and transverse abdominal and transversalis fascia

Question 38

What is the floor of the inguinal canal?

Answer 38

Inguinal ligament, lacunar ligament and illopubic tract

Question 39

What are the male contents of the inguinal canal?

Answer 39

Spermatic cord Ilioinguinal nerve Blood and lymphatics

Question 40

What is the female contents of the inguinal canal

Answer 40

Round ligament Ilioingunal nerve Blood and lymphatics

Question 41

What layers of the spermatic cord correlte with abdominal wall

Answer 41

Internal spermatic fascia- Deep to transverse abdominis Cremasteric fascia- Internal oblique Cremasteric muscle- External oblique External spermatic fascia- Between skin and external oblique

Question 42

What is an inguinal hernia?

Answer 42

Most common form of hernias. Inguinal hernias can be classified into direct or indirect. An indirect hernia is most common, resulting from a congenital weakness in the deep inguinal ring, allowing abdominal contents to enter into the inguinal canal lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, and even out of the deep inguinal ring. Direct hernias account for 1/3 of inguinal hernias. Abdominal contents do not pass through the deep inguinal ring, but simply push through a weak spot in the muscles making up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, allowing contents to enter the canal and, again, even pass through the superficial inguinal ring.

Question 43

What is a femoral hernia?

Answer 43

Occurs below the inguinal ligament, when abdominal contents pass into the weak area at the posterior wall of the femoral canal medial to the inferior epigastric vessels. These are more common in females. The risk of strangulation in a femoral hernia is high.

Question 44

What is an umbiliac hernia?

Answer 44

Occur when the abdominal contents pass through a weakness at the site of the passage of the umbilical cord through the abdominal wall. In adults umbilical hernias are acquired, rather than congenital. Abnormal fibres at the linea alba may also contribute to weakness of the wall.