The Foregut 2 Flashcards
(44 cards)
Where is the liver situiated?
RUQ of the abdominal cavity
Name the four lobes of the liver:
Left
Right
Caudate
Quadrate
Which lobes cannot be seen from the front?
Caudate
Quadrate
What is the liver encapsulated with?
Fibrous layer that is known as a capsule
What can happen if the liver expands?
Expands WIthin its fibrous layer
Fibrous layer is innervated by branches of the lower intercostal nerves. The stretching of the fibrous layer results in sharp and well localised pain. This is known as liver capsule pain.
An enlarged liver can also effect the diaphragm due to its close relation. This can cause referred pain to the shoulder tip.
What is meant by the term ‘bare area’ of the liver?
Area not covered by peritoneum
Round ligament of liver (also called as ligamentum teres) is the remnant of which embryological structure?
Umbilical vein
What is the porta hepatis?
The area at which structures enter and leave the liver
Name structures present in the porta hepatis:
Hepatic nervous plexus
Hepatic ducts
Hepatic artery
Lymphatic vessels
Portal vein
What structures are in the portal triad?
Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein
Bile ducts
Where does the central vein drain to?
Hepatic veins then IVC
The extrahepatic biliary (Stuff not in liver) apparatus consists of:
Right hepatic ducts
Left hepatic ducts
Common hepatic duct
Gall bladder and cystic duct
Common bile duct
Where is bile produced?
Liver
Where is bile stored?
Gallbladder
Where does bile enter the gut tube?
Hepatopancreatic ampulla out via the major duodenal papilla
What is the function of bile?
To emulsify fat to aid digestion
What is Calot’s triangle?
Triangular space formed by cystic duct, common hepatic duct and inferior surface of liver.
The triangle contains cystic artery.
During the removal of the gall bladder (cholecystectomy) care should be taken not to damage the structures in and around the triangle.
What does the biliary system link with the pancreatic duct to form?
The ampulla of Vater
When does biliary obstruction arise?
Arises when passage of bile into the duodenum is blocked completely or partially. Obstruction may be intrahepatic or extrahepatic (causes: Gall stones, cancer of the head of pancreas).
What does pancreatic cancer do?
Pancreatic cancer often presents late, if it starts at the head of the pancreas it will cause biliary obstruction sooner, making symptoms more obvious and allowing for a more timely diagnosis.
