The tongue and salivary glands

Question 1

What is the tongue?

Answer 1

Musuclar organ covered by mucous membrane

Question 2

What are the functions of the tongue?

Answer 2

Moving food during chewing

Articulation

Swallowing

Question 3

What is the tongue divided into?

Answer 3

Anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 by a V shaped sulcus called the Sulcus Terminalis

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the foramen caecum?

Answer 5

Its in middle of sulcus termianlis

Question 6

What is the embryological significance of this foramen caecum?

Answer 6

It is a primitive tract between the anterior cranial fossa & nasal space. – Found in infacts before fibrous tissue fills it & ossifies

Question 7

What is the mucous membrane of the tongue?

Answer 7

The anterior 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue has surface projections of the mucous membrane that make it rough.

These are called papillae.

Question 8

What are the 3 types of papilla?

Answer 8

Filiform

Fungiform

Valate

Question 9

Where are taste bud not present?

Answer 9

On the filiform type of papillae

Question 10

What are the elevations on the dorsal surface of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue has surface elevations produced by?

Answer 10

Submucosal lymphoid tissue collection

Question 11

What are these elevations called?

Answer 11

Lingual tonsil

Question 12

What is the inferiorsurface of the tongue covered by?

Answer 12

Smooth mucous membrane

Question 13

Name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

Answer 13

Lingual frenulum

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

What is the general sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Answer 15

Mandibular (V3) division of the trigmeinal ernev

Question 16

What is the general sensory innervation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 16

Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

Question 17

What is the taste sensatio of the anterior 2/3rd?

Answer 17

Chorda tympani branch of the Facial nerve (Cr. N. VII)

Question 18

What is the taste sensatio of the posterior 1/3rds?

Answer 18

Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

Question 19

What are the two types of muscles of the tongue?

Answer 19

1. Intrinsic muscles that originate and insert within the tongue
2. Extrinsic muscles that attach from the tongue to surrounding bones or soft palate

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

On the sagittal section of the tongue above in which specific area are the intrinsic muscle fibres mainly concentrated?

Answer 21

Top few Cms of the tongue

Question 22

What do intrinisc muscles fibres do?

Answer 22

Control position of the tongue tip & tongue shape

Question 23

What is the attachment of the genioglossus?

Answer 23

• Inner surface of the Mandible*
• close to the midline*

Question 24

What is the action of the genioglossus

Answer 24

Protrudes tongue to opposite side

Question 25

What is the attachment for the hypoglossus bone?

Answer 25

Upper border of body of mandible

Question 26

What does the hypoglossus muscle do?

Answer 26

Depress tongue and retracts it

Question 27

What does the stloglossus muscle sttach to?

Answer 27

Distal styloid process (temporal bone)

Question 28

What is the action of the styloglossus muscle?

Answer 28

Retracts tongue

Question 29

What is the attachment of the palatoglossus?

Answer 29

Soft palate

Question 30

What is the action of the palatoglossus?

Answer 30

Palatal muscle and helps to narrow the oropharynx in swallowing

Question 31

When the nerve innervating the right genioglossus is damaged, (resulting in muscle paralysis, which direction would you expect the patient’s tongue to deviate if you ask them to protrude their tongue?

Answer 31

To the right

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?

Answer 33

All the muscles (intrinsic and extrinsic) of the tongue except one

Question 34

Which muscle attaching to the tongue in NOT innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 34

*Palatoglossus muscle – which is by CN X*

Question 35

Name the 3 large paired salivary glands:

Answer 35

1. *Parotid Salivary Glands* 2. *Submandibular salivary gland.* 3. *Sublingual Salivary Glands*

Question 36

What are the two parts of the submandibular gland?

Answer 36

Superficial lobe and Deep lobe

Question 37

Which muscle separates these superficial and deep lobe of the submandibular gland?

Answer 37

Mylohyoid muscle

Question 38

*Where in relation to the floor of the mouth do the two parts of the gland lie?*

Answer 38

*One above so in the oral cavity & one below*

Question 39

*Name the artery that grooves the under surface of the submandibular salivary gland?*

Answer 39

Facial artery

Question 40

*Where can you see the submandibular salivary duct* ?

Answer 40

*Either side of the frenulum under the tongue*

Question 41

Where does the submandibular salivary duct open into?

Answer 41

Under the tongue in the oral cavity – at the caruncan either side of the frenulum

Question 42

Where do the ducts of the sublingual salivary gland lie?

Answer 42

*Above Myohyloid & below the floor of mouth*

Question 43

What is the paeasympathetuc supply for the parotid gland?

Answer 43

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 44

What is the paeasympathetuc supply for the submandibular salivary gland?

Answer 44

Facial nerve

Question 45

What is the paeasympathetuc supply for the sublingual salivary gland?

Answer 45

Facial nerve