The Midgut and Hindgut

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the colours of the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 3

Jejum- Deeper red

Ileum- Paler pink

Question 4

What are the walls of the jejunum and ileum like?

Answer 4

Jejunum- Thick and heavy

Ileum- Thin and light

Question 5

WHat is the vascularity like?

Answer 5

Jejunum- Greater

Ileum- Less

Question 6

What are the vasa recta of the jejunum and ileum like?

Answer 6

Jjeunum- Long

Ileum- Short

Question 7

What are the arcades of the jejunum and ileum like?

Answer 7

Jejunum- A few large loops

Ileum- Many short loops

Question 8

What os the fat in the jejunuma nd illeum like?

Answer 8

Jjeunum- Less

Ileum- More

Question 9

What are the circular folds of the jejunum like?

Answer 9

Large, tall and closely pakced

Question 10

What are the circular folds of the jejunum and ileum like?

Answer 10

Jejunum- Large, tall and closely packed

Ileum- Large valvular flaps

Question 11

WHat are the lymphoid tissue in the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 11

Jejunum- Small amounts

Ileum- Numerous Peyer’s patch

Question 12

Which major blood vessel supplies the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 12

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 13

Where do the veins surrounding the jejunum and ileum drain to?

Answer 13

Portal venous system

Question 14

Which set of lymph nodes does lymph drain to from here?

Answer 14

Superior mesenteric lymph nodes

Question 15

Which part of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic or parasympathetic) stimulations reduces the secretion and motility of the intestine and also acts as vasoconstrictor?

Answer 15

Parasympathetic

Question 16

What does the nerve supply come from?

Answer 16

From the superior mesenteric plexus therefore pain generally goes to the umbilical region.

Question 17

The large intestine can be distinguished from the small intestine by 3 features?

Answer 17

Taeni coli

Omental apices

Haustura

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

How is the large intestine peritonised?

Answer 19

Caecum Intraperitoneal

Ascending Colon Retroperitoneal

Transverse Colon Intraperitoneal

Descending Colon Reteroperitoneal

Sigmoid Colon Intraperitoneal

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

Which of the 9 abdominal region is the caecum and appendix located?

Answer 21

Right inguinal region

Question 22

What two structures open into the caecum?

Answer 22

Ileum and appendix

Question 23

What is Mcurbey’s point and why is it clinically useful?

Answer 23

Name given to the point over the right side of the abdomen that is one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus. Most common location of the base of the appendix where it is attached to the cecum. Pain over this point is found in 91% of patients with an inflamed appendix

Question 24

What are the artieral supply of the ascending colon?

Answer 24

Superior mesenteric artery, the ileocolic and right colic arteries

Question 25

What are the artieral supply of the transverse colon?

Answer 25

Superior mesenteric artery and Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 26

What is the arterial supply of the descending colon?

Answer 26

Inferior mesenteric artery- left colic artery

Question 27

What is the arterial supply of the sigmoid colon?

Answer 27

IMA

Question 28

What is the venous drainage of the ascending colon?

Answer 28

Ileocolic and right colic veins which emoty into superior mesenteric vein Drain into portal venous system

Question 29

What is the venous drainage of the transverse colon?

Answer 29

Middle colic vein empties into superior mesenteric vein Drains into portal

Question 30

What is the venous drainage of the descending colon?

Answer 30

Left colic vein which drains into the inferior mesenteric vein Drains into portal venous system

Question 31

What is the venous drainage of the sigmoid colon?

Answer 31

Sigmoid veins into the inferior mesenteric vein Drains into portal venous system

Question 32

What is the peritonisation of the ascending colon?

Answer 32

Retroperiotneal

Question 33

Peritonisation of transverse colon?

Answer 33

Intraperitoneal

Question 34

Peritonisation of descending colon?

Answer 34

Retroperiotneal

Question 35

Peritonisation of sigmoid colon?

Answer 35

Intraperitoneal

Question 36

What is the arterial supply of the superior 1/3 od the rectum?

Answer 36

Superior rectal artery

Question 37

What is the arterial supply of the middle 1/3 od the rectum?

Answer 37

Middle rectal artery

Question 38

What is the arterial supply of the ifnerior 1/3 of the arterial supply?

Answer 38

Inferior rectal artery

Question 39

What is the venous drainage of the superior 1/3, middle 1/3 and inferior 1/3?

Answer 39

Superior- Superior rectal vein into portal venous system Middle- Middle rectal vein into systemic system Inferior- Inferior rectal vein into the systemic system

Question 40

What is the lymph drainage of the superior, middle and inferior 1/3?

Answer 40

Superior- Inferior mesenteric nodes Middle- Internal iliac nodes Inferior- Superficial inguinal nodes

Question 41

What is the periotnisation of the superior, middle and inferior 1/3?

Answer 41

Superior- Retroperitonisation Middle- Retroperitoneal Inferior- Subperitoneal

Question 42

What is the role of the pelvic floor in maintaining faecal continence?

Answer 42

Muscles of the pelvic floor support your rectum and the urinary bladder. Work with internal anal sphincter to maintain continence

Question 43

What other structures are involved in faecal continence?

Answer 43

External anal sphincter and internal anal sphincter

Question 44

What is the pectinate line?

Answer 44

**Line** which divides the upper two thirds and lower third of the anal canal

Question 45

What si the arterial supply, venous drainage and lymphatic drainage of these parts of the gut tube?

Answer 45