Gross Anatomy Spring > Anterior Cervical Triangle > Flashcards

Anterior Cervical Triangle Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

border of mandible, sternocleidomastoid, midline of the neck (note: we have two anterior triangles)

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2
Q

What are the four smaller triangular divisions of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

submental, submandibular, carotid, muscular triangles

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3
Q

Which individual muscles are grouped as suprahyoid muscles?

A

stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid muscles

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4
Q

Which individual muscles are grouped to form the infrahyoid muscles?

A

sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid muscles

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5
Q

True or False: Group muscle function of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups depends on the fixation of the hyoid bone.

A

true

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6
Q

If the hyoid is fixed, what action does the suprahyoid muscle group have?

A

depress the mandible

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7
Q

If the hyoid is movable, what action does the suprahyoid muscle group have?

A

elevate the hyoid (to swallow)

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8
Q

If the hyoid is movable, what action does the infrahyoid muscle group have?

A

depress the hyoid

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9
Q

What is the action of the stylohyoid and the innervation?

A 
elevate the hyoid posterosuperiorly 
facial nerve (CN VII)
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10
Q

What is the action of the digastric muscle?

A

when hyoid is fixed - lowers mandible

when mandible is fixed - elevates hyoid

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the digastric muscle?

A

anterior belly - mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (mylohyoid branch)
posterior belly - facial nerve (CN VII)

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12
Q

Why would the two bellies of the digastric muscle have different innervation?

A

because they embryologically originated from different structures

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13
Q

What is the embryological origin of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

A

first pharyngeal arch

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14
Q

What is the embryological origin of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

A

second pharyngeal arch

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15
Q

Action of the mylohyoid muscle?

A

supports and elevates the floor of the mouth;

elevated the hyoid

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16
Q

Innervation for the mylohyoid muscle?

A

mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

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17
Q

Action of the geniohyoid muscle?

A

when mandible is fixed - elevates and pulls the hyoid forward
when hyoid is fixed - pulls mandible down and inward

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the geniohyoid muscle?

A

branch from the anterior ramus of C1 carried via hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

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19
Q

Action of the sternohyoid

A

depress hyoid after swallowing

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20
Q

Innervation of the sternohyoid muscle

A

anterior rami of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

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21
Q

What is ansa cervicalis?

A

a loop of motor nerves in the cervical plexus

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22
Q

Action of omohyoid muscle.

A

depress and fix the hyoid bone

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23
Q

Innervation of the omohyoid muscle.

A

anterior rami of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

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24
Q

Action of thyrohyoid muscle.

A

depresses hyoid

When hyoid is fixed - elevates larynx

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25
Innervation of thyrohyoid muscle
fibers from the anterior ramus of C1 carried via the hypoglossal n. -> nerve to thyrohyoid
26
Action of sternothyroid muscle.
depresses larynx/thyroid cartilage
27
Innervation of sternothyroid muscle
anterior rami from C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis
28
What forms the retromandibular vein?
temporal vein and maxillary vein
29
What veins form the common facial vein?
anterior division of the retromandibular vein and facial vein
30
What veins form the external jugular vein?
posterior division of the retromandibular vein and posterior auricular (great auricular) vein
31
Does the internal carotid artery give off branches outside the skull?
no, but it does branch inside the skull
32
How many branches come off the external carotid artery?
8 3 anterior 3 posterior 2 terminal
33
At what vertebral level does the common carotid artery bifurcate?
C3-C4
34
Where does the left common carotid artery branch from?
directly off the aortic arch
35
Where does the right common carotid artery branch from?
the brachiocephalic trunk
36
What are the 3 anterior branches of the external carotid artery?
superior thyroid a. lingual a. facial a.
37
What does the superior thyroid artery supply and what branches off it?
supplies the superior part of the thyroid and superior laryngeal branches from it
38
What does the lingual artery supply?
deep muscles of the tongue
39
What does the facial artery supply and what major gland does it course through?
majority of the face; submandibular gland
40
Name the posterior branches of the external carotid artery.
ascending pharyngeal a. occipital a. posterior auricular a.
41
What does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?
pharynx and tonsils
42
What does the occipital artery supply?
neck and scalp
43
What does the posterior auricular artery supply?
scalp and posterior ear
44
Name the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery.
superficial temporal and maxillary arteries
45
What anterior rami does transverse cervical nerve arise, and what does it innervate?
C2-C3; skin of anterior cervical triangle and lateral neck
46
What anterior rami form ansa cervicalis? What does it innervate?
C1-C3; all infrahyoid muscles except thyrohyoid
47
What are the borders of the submental triangle?
hyoid bone, right and left anterior bellies of the digastric muscles
48
What is found in the submental triangle?
mylohyoid muscle, submental lymph nodes, small vasculature
49
What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?
anterior belly of the digastric, posterior belly of the digastric, inferior border of the mandible
50
What structures are found within the submandibular triangle?
submandibular gland and lymph nodes, marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, hypoglossal nerve, mylohyoid nerve, facial artery and vein
51
What are the borders of the muscular triangle?
midline of the neck, hyoid bone, superior belly of the omohyoid muscle & anterior border of the SCM m.
52
What structures are found within the muscular triangle?
sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid | thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, trachea, esophagus, common carotid a., internal jugular vein
53
What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
stylohyoid m & posterior belly of the digastric, anterior border of SCM, superior belly of omohyoid
54
What structures are found within the carotid triangle?
vagus, accessory, hypoglossal, laryngeal nerves, ansa cervicalis, common carotid, internal and external carotid a, 6 branches of the external carotid, all veins running along these arteries
55
What is found within the carotid sheath?
common carotid (including internal and external branches), vagus nerve, internal jugular vein, carotid sinus
56
What is the carotid sinus and what is found within its walls?
it is a dilation of the internal carotid artery just above the bifurcation; containing baroreceptors to detect blood pressure.
57
What are the arteries of the root of the neck?
Subclavian - ->vertebral - ->thyrocervical trunk - ->transverse cervical - ->suprascapular - ->inferior thyroid a. - ->ascending cervical a. - ->internal thoracic a.
58
What cervical vertebrae does the vertebral artery begin traversing up the spinal cord?
C6-C1
59
Where do the lymphatics drain?
venous angle (where the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein meet)
60
What areas of the body does the left (thoracic)lymyphatic duct drain?
upper left extremity, both lower extremities, abdomen - thoracic, head, neck on left side
61
What areas of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain?
right upper extremity, right head, neck, thorax
62
What provides all parasympathetics to the neck?
Vagus nerve
63
What recurrent nerve comes off the Vagus nerve, and what is special about it?
Recurrent laryngeal n. the right recurrent laryngeal loops under the right subclavian a. then goes back up the left recurrent laryngeal loops under the aortic arch before ascending again.
64
What are the 3 sympathetic chain ganglia found in the cervical region?
superior cervical ganglion middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganglion
65
Term used when the inferior cervical ganglion combines with the first thoracic ganglion.
cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion
66
Do the cervical ganglion have a white rami communicantes? Why or Why not?
No, they receive preganglionic information from the superior thoracic spinal nerves
67
Where can you find superior cervical ganglion?
near the mastoid process
68
Where can you find the middle cervical ganglion?
posterior to the thyroid
69
What anatomical landmark can you usually find the isthmus of the thyroid?
2nd-4th tracheal ring
70
How is a pyramidal lobe of the thyroid formed?
It is left from the embryological descent of the thyroid gland
71
What vertebral level can you find the thyroid gland?
C5-T1
72
What role do the parathyroid glands have?
calcium metabolism regulation
73
What arteries supply the thyroid gland?
superior thyroid - superior part of lobe inferior thyroid - inferior part of lobe thyroid ima a - branch from aorta or brachiocephalic trunk
74
What drains blood from the thyroid and where to?
superior thyroid vein - superior part of lobe to IJV middle thyroid vein - superior part of lobe to IJV inferior thyroid vein - inferior part of lobe to brachiocephalic v
75
Where can you find prevertebral muscles?
posterior to retropharyngeal space
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