Anterior/Medial Thigh

Question 1

Thick, deep fascia of the thigh. Superiorly attached to the pelvin, Scarpa’s fascia, and inguinal ligament

Answer 1

Fascia lata

Question 2

thickened fascia of the external oblique muscle

Answer 2

inguinal ligament

Question 3

Bone features the inguinal ligament runs between (2)

Answer 3

1) anterior superior iliac spine

2) pubic tubercle

Question 4

What three important structures pass below the inguinal ligament?

Answer 4

femoral vein, artery, and nerve

Question 5

Thickened lateral part of the fascia lata

Answer 5

iliotibial tract

Question 6

Two functions of the iliotibial tract

Answer 6

1) helps keep knee extended

2) provides lateral stability when standing

Question 7

Where does the iliotibial tract attach to above and below, respectively?

Answer 7

ilium and lateral condyle of tibia

Question 8

Iliotibial (IT) Band Syndrome

Answer 8

Tear of IT tract due to overexertion (contraction of tensor fascia lata, gluteus maximus)

Question 9

Oval shaped defect in deep fascia, allow for passage of great saphenous vein

Answer 9

saphenous opening

Question 10

location of saphenous opening (what is it inferior and anterior to)

Answer 10

Inferior to inguinal ligament, anterior to femoral artery/vein

Question 11

Falciform margin

Answer 11

sharp edged lateral side of the saphenous opening

Question 12

Clinical significance fo the saphenous opening

Answer 12

site of bulge in femoral hernia

Question 13

Four compartments of the thigh

Answer 13

1) anterior
2) posterior
3) medial
4) lateral

Question 14

Muscle actions of the anterior compartment of the thigh (2)

Answer 14

1) extend knee

2) some do hip flexion

Question 15

Muscle actions of the posterior compartment of the thigh (2)

Answer 15

1) flex knee

2) some extend hip

Question 16

Muscle action of the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 16

adduct hip

Question 17

Muscle action of the lateral compartment of the thigh

Answer 17

abduct hip

Question 18

Nerve associated with anterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 18

femoral nerve

Question 19

Nerve associated with posterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 19

tibial part of sciatic nerve

Question 20

Nerve associated with medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 20

obturator nerve (1 exception)

Question 21

Nerves (2) associated with lateral compartment of the thigh

Answer 21

superior and inferior gluteal nerves

Question 22

Insertion of quadriceps muscles

Answer 22

patella

Question 23

Four quadriceps muscles

Answer 23

1) rectus femoris
2) vastus medialis
3) vastus lateralis
4) vastus intermedius

Question 24

Which of the quadriceps muscles cross both the hip and kneejoint

Answer 24

rectus femoris

Question 25

Inferior tendon attached to the patella

Answer 25

patellar tendon

Question 26

What do tendons link to what?

Answer 26

muscle to bone

Question 27

What do ligaments link to what?

Answer 27

bone to bone

Question 28

Origin of the quadriceps muscles

Answer 28

Rectus femoris is the anterior inferior iliac spine. The rest are the femur

Question 29

Purpose of the patella

Answer 29

mechanical advantage of the quadriceps

Question 30

What does the patellar tendon reflex test?

Answer 30

L2-L4 (Femoral Nerve)

Question 31

Action(s) of the sartorius

Answer 31

flex hip and flex knee

Question 32

Tailor sitting is a textbook example of the action of which muscle

Answer 32

sartorius

Question 33

Origin of the sartorius muscle

Answer 33

anterior superior iliac spine

Question 34

What is a hip pointer?

Answer 34

Contusion of muscles at anterior superior iliac spine

Question 35

Insertion of the sartorius muscle

Answer 35

tibia

Question 36

What is the Pes Anserinus

Answer 36

Goose's foot. Insertions of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus combine and insert on tibia

Question 37

Order of insertions on Pes Anserinus, from anterior to posterior (medial side of the knee)

Answer 37

sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus

Question 38

Where does the pectineus lie in relation to the iliopsoas

Answer 38

medial to iliopsoas

Question 39

Two muscles which compose the iliopsoas

Answer 39

Iliacus and psoas

Question 40

Seven muscles of the anterior thigh

Answer 40

1) iliopsoas 2) pectineus 3) sartorius 4) rectus femoris 5) vastus lateralis 6) vastus medialis 7) vastus intermedius

Question 41

Action of both the iliopsoas and pectineus

Answer 41

flex thigh

Question 42

Five muscles of the medial thigh

Answer 42

1) gracilis 2) adductor longus 3) adductor brevis 4) adductor magnus 5) obturator externus

Question 43

Almost all muscles of the medial thigh are innervated by the obturator nerve. What's the exception

Answer 43

Hamstring portion of the adductor magnus is innervated by the sciatic nerve (tibial part)

Question 44

Roots of the femoral nerve

Answer 44

L2, 3, 4

Question 45

Where do most in the adductor group of the leg take origin?

Answer 45

pubic bone (exception is adductor magnus' hamstring portion)

Question 46

Where do most in the adductor group of the leg insert?

Answer 46

Linea aspera (femur); exception is adductor magnus' hamstring portion which inserts on the adductor tubercle of the femur

Question 47

Innervation of the hamstring part of the adductor magnus

Answer 47

tibial part of sciatic nerve

Question 48

What is a pulled groin?

Answer 48

tear or stretch of adductor group at pubis

Question 49

Insertion of hamstring part of adductor magnus

Answer 49

adductor tubercle of femur

Question 50

Gap in adductor magnus

Answer 50

adductor hiatus

Question 51

adductor hiatus

Answer 51

gap in adductor magnus

Question 52

Action(s) of the gracilis

Answer 52

adduct thigh and flex knee

Question 53

Origin and insertion of obturator externus

Answer 53

Origin: outer side of obturator membrane Insert: greater trochanter

Question 54

Action of obturator externus

Answer 54

rotate femur laterally

Question 55

Roots of the obturator nerve

Answer 55

L2, 3, 4

Question 56

Floor of the femoral triangle

Answer 56

Adductor longus and pectineus

Question 57

Borders of the femoral triangle (superior, medial, lateral)

Answer 57

Superior: inguinal ligament Medial: adductor longus muscle Lateral: sartorius muscle

Question 58

Contents of the Femoral Triangle (lateral to medial)

Answer 58

Femoral Nerve, Artery, Vein, and Lymphatics (in femoral canal) Remeber: NAVL

Question 59

The acronym NAVL is medial to lateral or lateral to medial?

Answer 59

lateral to medial

Question 60

Clinical significance of femoral triangle (2)

Answer 60

1) site of femoral pulse and good place for compression of artery 2) site of insertion of catheter for angiography

Question 61

Fascia surrounding 3 out of the 4 components of the femoral triangle (and which are they)

Answer 61

Femoral sheath; surrounds Femoral artery, vein, and canal (lymphatics)

Question 62

Which item in the femoral triangle is not covered by the femoral sheath?

Answer 62

femoral nerve

Question 63

The femoral sheath is a continuation of...

Answer 63

transversalis fascia

Question 64

Contained in medial part of femoral sheath; contains lymph vessels from lower lib that drain to external iliac nodes in abdomen

Answer 64

femoral canal

Question 65

The femoral canal opens superiorly into the abdomen. What is this opening called?

Answer 65

femoral ring

Question 66

Point of potential weakness of the abdominal wall (subject to hernias)

Answer 66

femoral ring

Question 67

What is bulging in a femoral hernia

Answer 67

Loop of bowel can protrude into the femoral canal and become strangulated. Covering of the hernia is the femoral sheath (transversalis fascia)

Question 68

Distinguishing line for femoral vs inguinal hernias

Answer 68

inguinal ligament

Question 69

Where does the femoral artery come from?

Answer 69

External iliac becomes femoral artery (boundary is inguinal ligament)

Question 70

Where does the femoral artery change names to the popliteal artery

Answer 70

at the adductor hiatus, where it the courses behind the knee

Question 71

What does a femoral hernia protrude through?

Answer 71

saphenous opening

Question 72

The femoral artery first passes medially in anterior thigh, deep to ______

Answer 72

sartorius

Question 73

Small branches of the femoral artery in the saphenous opening (hiatus); supply the anterior abdominal wall and scrotum (3)

Answer 73

1) superficial circumflex iliac 2) superficial epigastric 3) superficial external pudendal

Question 74

Provides most of the blood supply to the head of the femur

Answer 74

medial femoral circumflex

Question 75

Largest branch of the femoral artery

Answer 75

profunda femoris

Question 76

Branch of the femoral artery arising posteriorly in femoral triangle and passes between pectineus and adductor longus

Answer 76

profunda femoris

Question 77

Passes directly posteriorly between pectineus and iliopsoas. Branch of profunda femoris

Answer 77

medial femoral circumflex

Question 78

Passes laterally, deep to rectus femoris. Supplies lateral side of thigh, neck of femur. Branch of profunda femoris

Answer 78

Lateral Femoral Circumflex

Question 79

Fracture of the neck of the femur can cause...

Answer 79

ischemic necrosis of head of femur

Question 80

What other artery can supply the head of the femur?

Answer 80

artery of head of femur, a branch from the obturator. If this is insufficient and medial femoral circumflex is fucked, you can get necrosis

Question 81

Provides blood supply to posterior compartment of thigh; passes through adductor magnus deep adjacent to femur

Answer 81

perforating arteries (branch of profunda femoris)

Question 82

Cross-shaped arterial anastomosis at hip joint which unites branches of internal iliac and femoral artery

Answer 82

cruciate anastomosis

Question 83

What are the superior, lateral, inferior, and medial arteries of the cruciate anastomosis?

Answer 83

Inferior gluteal (superior), lateral femoral circumflex (lateral), first perforating artery (inferior), medial femoral circumflex (medial)

Question 84

Why can the femoral artery be ligated above the profunda femoris?

Answer 84

cruciate anastomosis will maintain blood supply around hip joint

Question 85

What demographic is at risk most for femoral hernias?

Answer 85

older females

Question 86

Causes and associations of femoral hernias? (6)

Answer 86

1) overweight 2) smoker's cough 3) constipation 4) carrying or pushing heavy loads 5) more frequent in older females 6) more common in women who have had one or more pregnancies

Question 87

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve compression (for ex under inguinal ligament). Symptoms: pain or numbness (paresthesia) in lateral thigh

Answer 87

meralgia parestheticca

Question 88

What puts you at increased risk for meralgia parestheticca?

Answer 88

obesity and diabetes