Joints of Lower Extremity

Question 1

Envelope of connective tissue surrounding the bones in a joint

Answer 1

joint capsule

Question 2

A membrane inside the capsule that secretes synovial fluid

Answer 2

synovial membrane

Question 3

Cartilage layer on the bones at the point of contact

Answer 3

articular cartilage

Question 4

degeneration of articular cartilage (of a joint)

Answer 4

osteoarthritis

Question 5

A ligament separate from the joint capsule

Answer 5

accessory ligaments

Question 6

Ligaments which thicken the capsule

Answer 6

intrinsic ligaments

Question 7

Articular surface of the acetabulum

Answer 7

C-shaped Lunate Articular Surface

Question 8

Inferior gap in the acetabulum

Answer 8

acetabular notch

Question 9

Cavity of the acetabulum is deepened by a rim of fibrocartilage called…

Answer 9

acetabular labrum

Question 10

Triradial cartilage

Answer 10

Y-shaped cartilage between ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 11

Strongest ligament in the body

Answer 11

Iliofemoral ligament

Question 12

Shaped like an inverted Y; attached above to ilium and below to intertrochanteric line. Prevents overextension of hip

Answer 12

iliofemoral ligament

Question 13

Traingular ligament attached to superior ramus of pubis and lower part of intertrochanteric line; limits extension and abduction

Answer 13

pubofemoral ligament

Question 14

Spiral shaped ligament attached to ishium and greater trochanter; limits hip extension

Answer 14

ischiofemoral ligament

Question 15

Ligament inside the joint capsule; attached to head of femur at fovea capitis and to intrasverse acetabular ligament; transmits artery of ligament of head of femur

Answer 15

ligament of head of femur

Question 16

Congenital dislocations of the hip are in which direction

Answer 16

superior. Upper lip of acetabulum may fail to form

Question 17

Traumatic dislocation of the hip happens in which direction

Answer 17

posteriorly

Question 18

With congenital dislocation of the hip, what changes about the appearance of the lower extremity

Answer 18

rotated medially and appears to be shorter

Question 19

How does the leg rotate when the neck of the femur is fractured?

Answer 19

rotates laterally

Question 20

Why does the leg rotate laterally when the neck of the femur is fractured?

Answer 20

action of the gluteus maximus and short rotators of hip

Question 21

What kind of joint is the knee

Answer 21

condyloid synovial

Question 22

Outpocketing of synovial cavity of knee joint posterior to quadriceps tendon

Answer 22

suprapatellar bursa

Question 23

Bag of synovial fluid in subcutaneous tissue between skin and patella

Answer 23

prepatellar bursa

Question 24

Bursa between skin and patellar ligament

Answer 24

superficial infrapatellar ligament

Question 25

Inflammation of the prepatellar bursa (in between skin and patella)

Answer 25

Housemaid's Knee

Question 26

Inflammation of superficial infrapatellar bursa (between skin and patellar ligament)

Answer 26

Clergyman's Knee

Question 27

Ligament attached above lateral condyle of femur and below to head of fibula.

Answer 27

Lateral Collateral Ligament

Question 28

Prevents movement of tibia medially

Answer 28

lateral collateral ligament

Question 29

Prevents movement of tibia laterally

Answer 29

medial collateral ligament

Question 30

Ligament attached above to medial condyle of femur below to medial side of tibia

Answer 30

medial collateral ligament

Question 31

Prevents movement of tibia anteriorly

Answer 31

anterior cruciate ligament

Question 32

Prevents movement of tibia posteriorly

Answer 32

posterior cruciate ligament

Question 33

Ligament attached between condyles of tibia, anterior to intercondylar eminence; passes upward, laterally, and posteriorly to attach to medial side of lateral femoral condyle

Answer 33

anterior cruciate ligament

Question 34

Ligament attached between condyles of tibia; attaches to lateral side of medial femoral condyle

Answer 34

posterior cruciate ligament

Question 35

Anterior drawer sign tests for what?

Answer 35

You have a tear in the anterior cruciate ligament if you can draw tibia anteriorly

Question 36

Posterior drawer sign tests for what?

Answer 36

You have a tear in the posterior cruciate ligament if you can push tibia posteriorly

Question 37

Meniscus attached between condyles; also firmly attached to medial collateral ligament

Answer 37

medial meniscus

Question 38

Meniscus more movable than the other in the knee, since it's not attached to the fibular collateral ligament

Answer 38

lateral meniscus

Question 39

Most dangerous hit to the knee

Answer 39

blow to lateral side of the knee when the leg is flexed

Question 40

Terrible Triad of the Knee Joint

Answer 40

MCL, ACL, medial meniscus

Question 41

Occurs during full extension of knee joint

Answer 41

femur rotates medially during last 30 degrees of movement

Question 42

What passes through the gap in the interosseus membrane between tibia/fibula

Answer 42

anterior tibial artery

Question 43

Affected in a high ankle sprain

Answer 43

anterior inferior tibio-fibular ligament

Question 44

Ligament attached above to medial malleolus of tibia, below to medial surface of talus and calcaneus. Permits free dorsiflexion/plantar flexion but limits eversion of foot

Answer 44

Deltoid ligament

Question 45

Common about lateral ligaments of the ankle (2)

Answer 45

1) all attach above to lateral malleolus of fibula | 2) permit free dorsi/plantar flexion but limit inversion

Question 46

Three ligaments in the lateral ankle

Answer 46

1-2) Anterior and Posterior Talofibular | 3) Calcneofibular ligament

Question 47

Ankle joints of inversion

Answer 47

1) subtalar joint | 2) transverse tarsal joint

Question 48

Joint between talus and calcaneus

Answer 48

subtalar joint

Question 49

Joint between talus and navicular bones medially, calcaneus and cuboid bones laterally

Answer 49

transverse tarsal joint

Question 50

Sprains of ankle are usually caused by excessive (inversion/eversion)

Answer 50

inversion

Question 51

Ligaments commonly stretch or partially torn in an ankle sprain

Answer 51

anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments

Question 52

Pott's Fractures are caused by...

Answer 52

excessive eversion

Question 53

What happens in a Pott's Fracture

Answer 53

1) strong deltoid ligament does not rupture 2) medial malleolus is fractured 3) break shaft of fibula

Question 54

Distal bone at a joint is angled laterally away from midline of body

Answer 54

Valgus

Question 55

Distal bone at a joint is angled toward midline

Answer 55

Varus

Question 56

Name for a genu valgus knee

Answer 56

knock-kneed

Question 57

Name for a genu varus knee

Answer 57

bow-legged

Question 58

Issue from childhood obesity in regards to the joints of the lower limb

Answer 58

Obesity Genu Valgum may persist into adulthood in association with childhood obesity. Can cause osteoarthritis

Question 59

Causes of genu varus (bowlegged) (4)

Answer 59

1) Blount's Disease 2) Growth disturbance (epiphyseal dysplasia) 3) post-trauma (injury damages growth plate) 4) rickets