Leg and Dorsum Foot

Question 1

Turning of foot so sole faces medially

Answer 1

inversion

Question 2

Turning of foot so sole faces laterally

Answer 2

eversion

Question 3

Excessive inversion of the foot

Answer 3

sprained ankle

Question 4

Actions of the leg’s posterior compartment

Answer 4

1) plantar flex foot
2) flex toes
3) invert foot

Question 5

Action of the leg’s lateral compartment

Answer 5

Evert foot

Question 6

Actions of the leg’s anterior compartment

Answer 6

1) dorsiflex foot
2) extend toes
3) invert foot

Question 7

Nerve to the leg’s posterior compartment

Answer 7

tibial nerve

Question 8

Nerve to the leg’s lateral compartmnet

Answer 8

superficial peroneal nerve

Question 9

Nerve to the leg’s anterior compartment

Answer 9

deep peroneal nerve

Question 10

Artery to the leg’s posterior compartment

Answer 10

posterior tibial artery

Question 11

Artery to the leg’s lateral compartment

Answer 11

peroneal artery (branch of posterior tibial artery)

Question 12

Artery to the leg’s anterior compartment

Answer 12

Anterior tibial artery

Question 13

Largest tendon in the body

Answer 13

tendo calcaneus (achilles tendon)

Question 14

Insertion of superficial posterior muscles of the leg

Answer 14

tendo calcaneus

Question 15

Action of the gastrocnemius

Answer 15

plantar flexion of foot

Question 16

What is sometimes present on the lateral head of the gastrocnemius?

Answer 16

Sesamoid bone called the fabella

Question 17

What is the tendon of the plantaris nicknamed?

Answer 17

Freshman’s nerve

Question 18

Soleus action

Answer 18

plantar flex foot

Question 19

Actions of posterior compartment muscles of leg

Answer 19

1) plantar flex foot
2) invert foot
3) flex toes

Question 20

Which nerve and artery course between the superficial and deep groups of the posterior leg

Answer 20

Tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery

Question 21

Origin of flexor hallucis longus

Answer 21

fibula

Question 22

Insertion of flexor hallucis longus

Answer 22

distal phalanx of big toe

Question 23

Projection from calcaneus bone which helps it act as a pully

Answer 23

sustentaculum tali

Question 24

Actions of flexor hallucis longus

Answer 24

1) plantar flex big toe

2) plantar flex foot

Question 25

Action of the tibialis posterior

Answer 25

it is the major inverter of the foot

Question 26

Tendon of this muscle crosses to medial side at ankle joint and passes directly beneath medial malleolus

Answer 26

tibialis posterior

Question 27

It's single tendon passes medial to ankle beneath medial malleolus then expands to four tendons that pass to distal phalanges in the foot

Answer 27

flexor digitorum longus

Question 28

Actions of the flexor digitorum longus

Answer 28

1) plantar flex lateral four toes | 2) plantar flex foot

Question 29

Tom Dick AN Harry

Answer 29

Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Posterior Tibial Artery, Tibial Nerve, and Flexor Hallucis Longus

Question 30

Tendons of deep muscles pass beneath this on medial side of ankle joint; muscle tendons are covered by synovial sheaths

Answer 30

flexor retinaculum

Question 31

How does tarsal tunnel syndrome happen

Answer 31

swelling of the synovial sheath

Question 32

What happens when you have tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 32

compression of tibial nerve; symptoms are numbness of sole of foot, toes and weakened flexion of toes (intrinsic muscles of the foot)

Question 33

Muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg act to evert the foot. Their tendons pass beneath the lateral malleolus, which acts as a pulley, and beneath what two structures (on their way to the foot)

Answer 33

Superior and Inferior Peroneal Retinacula

Question 34

Innervation of muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 34

superficial peroneal nerve

Question 35

Origin of muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 35

fibula

Question 36

Insertion of peroneus longus

Answer 36

First metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Question 37

Insertion of peroneu brevis

Answer 37

fifth metatarsal

Question 38

Retinacula on anterior side of ankle and foot

Answer 38

Superior and Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

Question 39

Fascia surrounding anterior leg muscles is very tough and tight; muscles can swell in compartment due to exercise or when tibia is fractured

Answer 39

Anterior Leg (Compartment) Syndrome

Question 40

Symptom of anterior leg syndrome

Answer 40

Foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion of foot) due to compression of deep peroneal nerve

Question 41

Treatment of anterior leg syndrome

Answer 41

Fasciotomy (surgically splitting fascia)

Question 42

Major inverter of foot and antagonist to the posterior compartment muscle with same insertion

Answer 42

tibialis anterior

Question 43

Insertion of tibialis anterior

Answer 43

first metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Question 44

Muscles end on extensor expansions, which pass to middle and distal phalanges. These are in the anterior compartment of the leg.

Answer 44

Extensor Hallucis Longus and Extensor Digitorum Longus

Question 45

Rule: Muscles called longus insert to...

Answer 45

distal phalanges

Question 46

Actions of extensor hallucis longus

Answer 46

1) dorsiflex ankle | 2) extend big toe

Question 47

Actions of extensor digitorum longus

Answer 47

1) dorsiflex ankle | 2) extend toes

Question 48

Third peroneal muscle which lies in the anterior compartment actually

Answer 48

peroneus teritus

Question 49

Action of peroneus tertius

Answer 49

evert foot

Question 50

Insertion of peroneus teritus

Answer 50

fifth metatarsal

Question 51

Action of extensor digitorum brevis

Answer 51

extend toes

Question 52

Insertion of extensor digitorum brevis

Answer 52

Phalanges toes 2-4

Question 53

Innervation of extensor digitorum brevis

Answer 53

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 54

Two possible causes of foot drop

Answer 54

1) damage to common peroneal nerve OR | 2) deep peroneal nerve

Question 55

Where does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery

Answer 55

adductor hiatus

Question 56

How does the posterior tibial artery end?

Answer 56

Divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries in the foot

Question 57

In the posterior compartment, what does the posterior tibial artery course with

Answer 57

tibial nerve

Question 58

Narrowing of posterior tibial artery due to arterio sclerosis; produces ischemia; patients have painful cramps when walking but subsides after rest

Answer 58

Intermittent Claudication

Question 59

Intermittent Claudication

Answer 59

Narrowing of posterior tibial artery due to arteriosclerosis

Question 60

Where is the pulse of the posterior tibial artery taken

Answer 60

Between medial malleolus and tendo calcaneus

Question 61

Continuation of anterior tibial artery into foot

Answer 61

Dorsalis Pedis

Question 62

Branching of the Anterior Tibial Artery

Answer 62

a) Anterior Tibial Recurrent Artery (part of genicular anastomosis) b) Medial/Lateral Malleolar Arteries (ankle anastomosis) c) Dorsalis Pedis (continuation in foot) d) Arcurate Artery (gives rise to dorsal digital arteries; branch of dorsalis pedis)

Question 63

What nerve does the anterior tibial artery descend with?

Answer 63

Deep Peroneal Nerve

Question 64

Examined to diagnose circulatory problems in Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 64

Pulse of dorsalis pedis artery

Question 65

Where is the pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery taken

Answer 65

on dorsum of foot between medial and lateral malleoli

Question 66

Counter-intuitive aspect of blood supply to talus

Answer 66

blood supply enters bone distally (anterior tibial artery)