Final Review

Question 1

Source of blood for head of femur

Answer 1

medial femoral circumflex

Question 2

Fascia of what muscle’s inferior edge thickened to form inguinal ligament

Answer 2

external oblique

Question 3

femoral sheath is a continuation of….

Answer 3

transversalis fascia

Question 4

site of inguinal hernia

Answer 4

superficial inguinal ring

Question 5

What type of joint is the ankle

Answer 5

hinge type

Question 6

hing type joint in ankle permits…

Answer 6

permits dorsiflexion and plantar flexion (not inversion or eversion)

Question 7

Two joints inversion/eversion movements occur

Answer 7

1) subtalar joint (talus and calcaneus)

2) transverse tarsal joint (between talus and navicular medially, calcaneus and cuboid bones laterally)

Question 8

Result of excessive eversion

Answer 8

Pott’s Fracture. Medial malleolus and shaft of the fibula fractured

Question 9

Three ligaments, all attaching to lateral malleolus of fibula, which permit free dorsi/plantarflexion but limit inversion of foot

Answer 9

1) anterior talofibular ligament
2) posterior talofibular ligament
3) calcaneofibular ligament

Question 10

Ligaments stretch or torn in ankle sprain

Answer 10

1) anterior talofibular ligament

2) calcaneofibular ligament

Question 11

Origin of all hamstrings

Answer 11

ischial tuberosity

Question 12

Easy way to identify semitendinosus

Answer 12

long distal tendon

Question 13

Easy way to idenfity semimembranosus

Answer 13

flattened tendon

Question 14

Action of hamstrings

Answer 14

All extend thigh and flex leg. Biceps short head only flexes leg though

Question 15

Pulled hamstrings

Answer 15

tear or avulsion part of origin of muscles ischial tuberosity

Question 16

Pulled groin

Answer 16

tear or strech of adductor group at PUBIS

Question 17

Quick way to identify great saphenous vein

Answer 17

it’s anterior to the medial malleolus

Question 18

Start of great saphenous vein

Answer 18

dorsal venous arch of foot (ascends medially)

Question 19

Hip pointer

Answer 19

contusion of muscles at anterior superior iliac spine (origin of sartorius)

Question 20

Weaver’s Bottom

Answer 20

Iflammation of ischial bursae

Question 21

Test for congenital hip dislocation

Answer 21

Barlow Maneuver - adduct hip while applying posterior forces to knee

Question 22

Direction of congenital dislocation of hip

Answer 22

superior

Question 23

Direction of traumatic dislocation of hip

Answer 23

posterior

Question 24

appearance of dislocated hip

Answer 24

leg is rotated medially and appears to be shorter

Question 25

Appearance of leg after fracture of neck of femur

Answer 25

rotated laterally

Question 26

Innervation of superior gluteal nerve

Answer 26

1) gluteus medius 2) gluteus minimus 3) tensor fascia lata

Question 27

Innervation of inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 27

Gluteus maximus

Question 28

Large sensory nerve to posterior thigh and gluteal region, medial to sciatic nerve

Answer 28

posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

Question 29

What can an injury to the superior gluteal nerve cause?

Answer 29

gluteal gait

Question 30

Positive Trendelenburg sign

Answer 30

When lifting opposite leg, pelvis tilts down on non-paralyzed side

Question 31

Piriformis and muscles below it mostly insert...

Answer 31

greater trochanter

Question 32

Actions of piriformis and nearby muscles

Answer 32

1) laterally rotate femur | 2) act like rotator cuff and hold head of femur in acetabulum

Question 33

Piriformis syndrome

Answer 33

sciatic nerve or branches can sometimes pass through piriformis and get compressed when standing or walking

Question 34

Nerve winding around neck of fibula (palpatable)

Answer 34

common peroneal nerve

Question 35

Bursa posterior to quadriceps tendon

Answer 35

suprapatellar bursa

Question 36

Bursa in subcutaneous tissue between skin and patella

Answer 36

prepatellar bursa

Question 37

Bursa between skin and patellar ligament

Answer 37

Superficial infrapatellar ligament

Question 38

Swelling of prepatellar bursa

Answer 38

Housemaid's knee

Question 39

Swelling of superficial infrapatellar bursa

Answer 39

Clergyman's Knee

Question 40

Prevents movement of tibia medially

Answer 40

lateral collateral ligament

Question 41

Prevents movement of tibia laterally

Answer 41

medial collateral ligament

Question 42

Most dangerous blow to the knee (terrible triad)

Answer 42

blow to lateral side of knee when the leg is flexed. Triad is MCL, ACL, medial meniscus

Question 43

Test for torn anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 43

Anterior Drawer Sign (draw tibia anteriorly)

Question 44

Test for town posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 44

Posterior Drawer Sign (can push tibia posteriorly)

Question 45

Action of popliteus muscle

Answer 45

rotates the femur laterally to unlock it. (Rotates medially during last 30 degrees of extension so it needs to be unlocked)

Question 46

Knock-kneed. Distal bone at joint is deviated laterally away from midline of body

Answer 46

Genu Valgus

Question 47

Bow-legged. Distal bone at joint is deviated towards midline.

Answer 47

Genu Varus

Question 48

Source for the plantar arterial arch

Answer 48

lateral plantar artery

Question 49

Location of pulse of dorsalis pedis artery

Answer 49

between medial and lateral malleoli

Question 50

Location of pulse of posterior tibial artery

Answer 50

taken between medial malleolus and tendo calcaneus

Question 51

Location of pulse of femoral artery

Answer 51

taken in femoral triangle

Question 52

Can ligate femoral artery anywhere between...

Answer 52

internal iliac and profunda femoris arteries

Question 53

Ordered Superior-Lateral-Inferior-Medial, name the cruciate arterial anastomoses

Answer 53

Inferior gluteal, lateral femoral circumflex, first perforating, medial femoral circumflex arteries

Question 54

Intermittent Claudification

Answer 54

narrowing of posterior tibial artery due to arteriosclerosis

Question 55

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Answer 55

swelling of synovial sheaths can compress tibial nerveS

Question 56

Medial/Lateral plantar are branched off which nerve

Answer 56

tibial nerve

Question 57

Sensory branch to medial 3.5 digits and medial part of sole

Answer 57

medial plantar nerve

Question 58

Sensory branch to lateral 1.5 digits and lateral sole

Answer 58

lateral plantar nerve

Question 59

There are sesamoid bones in the tendons of which intrinsic muscle of the foot

Answer 59

flexor hallucis brevis

Question 60

All except four of the intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot are innervated by the lateral plantar nerve. What are the four?

Answer 60

1) flexor hallucis brevis 2) abductor hallucis 3) flexor digitorum brevis 4) first lumbrical

Question 61

Arch and ligament giving out to give way to Pes Planus

Answer 61

Medial Longitudinal Arch. Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament weakens.

Question 62

Muscles that evert the foot support which arch?

Answer 62

lateral arch