Anterior & Medial Thigh

Question 1

what does the popliteal artery start as and what does it branch into?

Answer 1

begins as femoral and changes after it passes through the knee
branches into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 2

what does the anterior tibial artery become?

Answer 2

dorsalis pedis artery

Question 3

what does the posterior tibial artery become?

Answer 3

medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 4

name the two fascias of the leg

Answer 4

superficial and deep fascia

Question 5

what is the deep fascia of the thigh called?

Answer 5

fascia lata

Question 6

what is the deep fascia of the shin called?

Answer 6

crural fascia

Question 7

what does the fascia lata form laterally?

Answer 7

IT band

Question 8

what two muscles give aponeurotic contributions to the IT band?

Answer 8

gluteus maximus

tensor fascia lata

Question 9

what is the action of the tensor fascia lata? (TFL)

Answer 9

abductor of the hip

Question 10

what nerve innervates the TFL?

Answer 10

superior gluteal nerve

Question 11

what nerve roots help innervate the TFL?

Answer 11

L45 and S1

Question 12

fascia lata divides legs into three compartments…name them

Answer 12

anterior, medial and posterior

Question 13

name the two major superficial veins of the leg

Answer 13

great saphenous vein

small saphenous vein

Question 14

where does the small saphneous vein travel and what does it join with?

Answer 14

travels behind the knee and joins the popliteal vein

Question 15

where does the great saphneous vein travel and what does it join with?

Answer 15

up the leg, through the saphenous hiatus and into the femoral vein

Question 16

where do superficial and deep nodes of the leg eventually drain into?

Answer 16

deep inguinal nodes

Question 17

where are a lot of deep inguinal nodes located?

Answer 17

in the femoral canal

Question 18

deep inguinal nodes drain into what?

Answer 18

external iliac nodes then into thoracic duct

Question 19

anterior thigh muscles include what two main groups?

Answer 19

hip flexors and knee extensors

Question 20

what two muscles merge to form the iliopsoas?

Answer 20

iliacus and psoas major

Question 21

where does the iliopsoas insert?

Answer 21

into the lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 22

name the two main actions of the iliopsoas?

Answer 22

hip flexion and lateral rotation

Question 23

what nerve innervates the iliopsoas?

Answer 23

femoral nerve

Question 24

if you fracture the head of the humerus (hip fracture) what will happen to leg?

Answer 24

iliopsoas spasms and leads to lateral rotation and flexion at hip so you see short laterally rotated leg

Question 25

the iliopsoas gets a lot of blood supply and is close to a lot of retroperitoneal organs...so what can commonly happen in the muscle?

Answer 25

psoas abscesses...from infection spreading

Question 26

how does psoas abscess present?

Answer 26

fever low back pain and hip/thigh pain

Question 27

what is the physical exam sign for psoas abscess?

Answer 27

psoas sign...pain on extension of thigh

Question 28

name the four bellis of the quadriceps femoris

Answer 28

rectus femoris vastus medialis vastus lateralis vastus intermedius

Question 29

what nerve innervates the quad?

Answer 29

femoral

Question 30

what nerve roots for the quad?

Answer 30

L234

Question 31

which belly of the quad crosses both the hip and the knee joints? what does this mean for its action?

Answer 31

rectus femoris...can flex the hip and extend the knee

Question 32

the femoral nerve leads to innervation of what three muscles?

Answer 32

quad, sartorius, pectineus

Question 33

the femoral nerve has a sensory branch...name it and where it provides sensory?

Answer 33

anterior femoral cutaneous branches of the thigh

Question 34

the femoral nerve terminates as what nerve?

Answer 34

saphenous nerv

Question 35

where does the saphenous nerve run?

Answer 35

cutaneous nerve for sensation to medial lower leg and foot

Question 36

what is osgood schlatters disease?

Answer 36

quad is pulling on tibial tuberosity that has not quite solidified in adolescents

Question 37

name the five medial thigh muscles

Answer 37

``` adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus gracilis obturator externus ```

Question 38

the three major adductors of the hip insert where?

Answer 38

posterior femur

Question 39

what is the action of the obturator externus?

Answer 39

lateral rotator of the hip

Question 40

the medial hip muscles or the adductors are all innervated by what nerve?

Answer 40

obturator nerve

Question 41

what nerve roots does the obturator use for medial muscles of the thigh?

Answer 41

L234

Question 42

the adductor magnus is broken into three groups, name them

Answer 42

adductor minimus adductor portion hamstring portion

Question 43

what nerve innervates the adductor minimus and adductor portion of the adductor magnus?

Answer 43

obturator nerve

Question 44

what nerve innervates the hamstring portion of the adductor magnus?

Answer 44

sciatic nerve

Question 45

between the adductor portion and the hamstring portion of the adductor magnus is what?

Answer 45

adductor hiatus

Question 46

what two things go through the adductor hiatus?

Answer 46

femoral artery and vein

Question 47

what is the action of the pectineus?

Answer 47

flex and adduct hip

Question 48

what is the action of the gracilis?

Answer 48

adductor of hip

Question 49

what is the action of the sartorius?

Answer 49

adduct, externally rotate and flex the hip

Question 50

what nerve innervates the pectineus?

Answer 50

obturator nerve

Question 51

what group is the pectineus and gracilis part of?

Answer 51

medial muscles of the leg

Question 52

what is the pes anserinus? where is it located?

Answer 52

insertion site of three muscles into the medial tibial condyle

Question 53

what three muscles insert at the pes anserinus?

Answer 53

gracilis sartorius semitendinosus

Question 54

what passes through the obturator canal?

Answer 54

obturator nerve and vessels

Question 55

what are two branches of obturator nerve after passing through the obturator canal?

Answer 55

anterior and posterior branches

Question 56

what does the anterior branch of the obturator nerve lead to?

Answer 56

small cutaneous sensory nerves of the medial thigh region

Question 57

name the two parts of the inguinal ligament gap

Answer 57

muscular lacuna | vascular lacuna

Question 58

the muscular lacuna allows passage of what three structures below the inguinal ligament?

Answer 58

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve iliopsoas muscle femoral nerve

Question 59

the vascular lacuna allows passage of what three structures below the inguinal ligament?

Answer 59

femoral artery femoral vein lymphatics

Question 60

from lateral to medial, what are contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 60

femoral nerve femoral artery femoral vein

Question 61

what does the femoral sheath enclose at the inguinal ligament area?

Answer 61

femoral artery, vein and canal....but not the nerve

Question 62

name the three compartments of the femoral sheath and what each contains

Answer 62

lateral-femoral artery intermediate- femoral vein medial- femoral canal

Question 63

what is within the femoral canal?

Answer 63

deep lymphatic lymph nodes

Question 64

what is just medial to the femoral canal at the inguinal ligament area?

Answer 64

lacunar ligament

Question 65

how does a femoral hernia arise?

Answer 65

protrusion of intestine through femoral ring into the femoral canal

Question 66

what can a femoral hernia pass into? what does this cause?

Answer 66

can pass through the femoral canal and into the saphenous ring...develops a palpable mass on inner thigh

Question 67

the medial lacunar ligament can do what to a femoral hernia?

Answer 67

can strangulate it and cut off circulation to the bowel

Question 68

the adductor canal is deep to what muscle?

Answer 68

deep to the sartorius muscle

Question 69

what four things are in the adductor canal?

Answer 69

femoral artery femoral vein saphenous nerve nerve to vastus medialis

Question 70

femoral artery has two branches name them

Answer 70

deep and superficial

Question 71

deep branch of the femoral artery leads to what two important vessels?

Answer 71

lateral and medial circumflex arteries that feed the head of the humerus

Question 72

other than the circumflex arteries from the deep femoral branch...what other vessels arise from the deep femoral and what do they serve?

Answer 72

perforating vessels that serve the posterior leg

Question 73

the superficial femoral artery continues as what?

Answer 73

the femoral artery through adductor canal and hiatus and becomes the popliteal

Question 74

what can easily happen to the lateral cutaneous nerve? why?

Answer 74

entrapment because it traverses tightly through the inguinal canal

Question 75

entrapment of the lateral cutaneous nerve leads to what issue? what is the name of this?

Answer 75

burning pain on outer thigh...called meralgia