Gluteal and Posterior Thigh

Question 1

the hip bone is the fusion of what three bones?

Answer 1

ilium
ischium
pubis

Question 2

where do the three bones of the hip fuse? what is the name?

Answer 2

hip socket…called the acetabulum

Question 3

what is the name of the surface where the femur articulates in the hip joint/

Answer 3

lunate surface

Question 4

what are the two bumps on the proximal portion of the femur?

Answer 4

greater and lesser trochanter

Question 5

is greater or lessern trochanter more lateral?

Answer 5

greater

Question 6

what attaches to the adductor tubercle at the distal medial femur?

Answer 6

hamstring portion of the adductor magnus

Question 7

what is the linea aspera of the femur?

Answer 7

rough ridge located posteriorly on shaft of femur

Question 8

what attaches to the gluteal tuberosity?

Answer 8

gluteus maximus

Question 9

where is the intercondylar fossa? what attaches here?

Answer 9

between the femoral condyles…cruciate ligaments attach here

Question 10

what lies on the anterior surface of the hip joint capsule?

Answer 10

a bursa that helps the iliopsoas muscle move

Question 11

name the three ligaments of the hip joint

Answer 11

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

Question 12

what is the tissue that helps deepen the hip joint?

Answer 12

acetabular labrum

Question 13

what does the acetabular labrum form on the inferior side of the lunate surface?

Answer 13

transverse acetabular ligament

Question 14

what comes out of the transverse acetabular ligament that attaches to the femur?

Answer 14

ligament of the head

Question 15

where does the ligament of the head attach to the femur?

Answer 15

femoral head at the fovea

Question 16

what is within the ligament of the head?

Answer 16

artery of the head that feeds small part of femoral head

Question 17

name the four arteries that serve the femoral head…which gives the most?

Answer 17

medial circumflex (most)
lateral circumflex
retinacular arteries
artery of the head

Question 18

what do the retinacular arteries come from in the femoral head?

Answer 18

branches of the medial and lateral circumflex arteries

Question 19

a femoral neck fracture is called what? and what is it at risk for?

Answer 19

hip fracture…at risk for avascular necrosis

Question 20

what ligaments help the sacroiliac joints?

Answer 20

dorsal and ventral sacroiliac ligaments

Question 21

other than the sacroiliac ligaments, what two ligaments help secure the sacrum to the hip bones?

Answer 21

sacrotuberous ligament

sacrospinous ligament

Question 22

name the five structures to know that pass through the greater sciatic foramen

Answer 22

piriformis muscle
sciatic nerve
superior/inferior gluteal nerves/vessels
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve 
pudendal nerve

Question 23

what two structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 23

pudendal nerve enters it to go to perineum

obturator internus tendon passes through it

Question 24

what is the actionof the gluteal maximus?

Answer 24

extend and laterally rotate the hip

Question 25

what innervates the gluteal maximus? nerve and roots

Answer 25

inferior gluteal nerve...L5S12

Question 26

name the three abductors of the hip

Answer 26

tensor fascia lata gluteus minimus gluteus medius

Question 27

what is the action of the gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 27

hip abductors

Question 28

what nerve and roots innervate the gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 28

superior gluteal nerve...L45S1

Question 29

what role do gluteal medius and minimus muscles play during walking?

Answer 29

when you are trying to swing one leg forward the other side uses the gluteus medius and minimus to stabilize the pelvis and hip

Question 30

what is the trendelenburg gait?

Answer 30

when you have weakened gluteus medius and minimus and when you walk the leg that you are standing on...that side sorta tumbles over to support the pelvis since your medius and minimus are weak

Question 31

name the five lateral rotators of the hip

Answer 31

``` obturator internus superior gemellus inferior gemellus quadratus femoris piriformis ```

Question 32

name the five lateral rotators of the hip from superior to inferior

Answer 32

``` piriformis gemellus superior obturator internus inferior gemellus quadratis femoris ```

Question 33

what lies on the anterior surface of the piriformis muscle?

Answer 33

sacral plexus

Question 34

what are the gemelli muscles?

Answer 34

pair of muscles that are lateral rotators of the hip

Question 35

what is the action of the obturator internus muscle?

Answer 35

lateral rotator of the hip

Question 36

what is the action of the quadratus femoris?

Answer 36

lateral rotator of the hip

Question 37

what nerve innervates the piriformis?

Answer 37

nerve to piriformis

Question 38

what nerve innervates the obturator internus?

Answer 38

nerve to obturator internus

Question 39

what nerve innervates the superior gemellus?

Answer 39

nerve to obturator internus

Question 40

what nerve innervates the inferior gemellus?

Answer 40

nerve to quadrator femoris

Question 41

what nerve innervates the quadratus femoris?

Answer 41

nerve to quadrator femoris

Question 42

name the three hamstring muscles

Answer 42

semitendinosus semimembranous biceps femoris

Question 43

what innervates the hamstring muscles?

Answer 43

sciatic nerve...L5S12

Question 44

name two actions of the hamstring

Answer 44

flex the knee and extend the hip

Question 45

name the two nerves within the sciatic nerve

Answer 45

``` tibial nerve common fibular (peroneal) nerve ```

Question 46

where does sciatic nerve usually exit the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 46

inferior to the piriformis muscle

Question 47

in some exception cases where does the sciatic nerve exit the greater sciatic foramen? what are these people at risk for?

Answer 47

in the middle of the piriformis muscle...more common to get sciatica

Question 48

what causes a posterior hip dislocation?

Answer 48

usually a high velocity injury like a car accident

Question 49

what are three issues that can also arise with posterior hip dislocation?

Answer 49

fracture acetabulum Avascular necrosis sciatic nerve injury

Question 50

how does leg look with posterior hip dislocation?

Answer 50

shortened, adducted, flexed and INTERNALLY rotated

Question 51

what nerve gives sensory to posterior thigh?

Answer 51

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 52

what are nerve roots of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?

Answer 52

S123