Foot

Question 1

how many tarsal bones are there?

Answer 1

7

Question 2

how many phalange bones are there in the foot?

Answer 2

14

Question 3

name the 7 tarsal bones

Answer 3

talus
calcaneus
cuboid
navicular
3 cuneiform

Question 4

is the navicular or cuboid bone lateral?

Answer 4

cuboid is lateral and navicular is medial

Question 5

what is the superior articular surface of the talus called?

Answer 5

trochlea

Question 6

what does the head of the talus articulate with?

Answer 6

navicular

Question 7

the neck of the talus has what in it? what are these for?

Answer 7

holes for arteries to vascularize the bone

Question 8

what movement leads to talus bone fracture?

Answer 8

forced dorsiflexion of the foot

Question 9

where do talus fractures commonly occur? what can this lead to? why?

Answer 9

neck of talus…leads to avascular necrosis because of the neck holding all the blood supply to the talus

Question 10

the calcaneus articulates with what bone superiorly? wha is the joint called?

Answer 10

talus…called the subtalar joint

Question 11

what bone does the calcaneous articulate with anteriorly/

Answer 11

cuboid bone

Question 12

what tendon inserts on back of calcaneus?

Answer 12

achilles

Question 13

on the medial side of the calcaneus what is there?

Answer 13

the sustentaculum tali

Question 14

what is the function of the sustentaculum tali?

Answer 14

supports the head of the talus

Question 15

what tendon runs under the sustentaculum tali?

Answer 15

flexor hallucis longus

Question 16

when you fracture the heel bone what must you rule out?

Answer 16

lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae fractures

Question 17

if you fracture the calcaneus…what can be involved that leads to long term poorer prognosis?

Answer 17

it can involve the subtalar joint…this often leads to severe arthritis

Question 18

the fifth metatarsal has a what on the lateral side?

Answer 18

large tuberosity

Question 19

what is the large tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal for?

Answer 19

insertion of the fibularis brevis

Question 20

a bad ankle sprain can lead to a fracture of what foot bone? why?

Answer 20

fracture of the fifth metatarsal…because when sprain ankle the fibularis brevis will contract really hard and can break the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal

Question 21

deep fascia on the base of the foot is called what?

Answer 21

plantar fascia

Question 22

the thick central fascia of the plantar fascia in the foot is called what

Answer 22

plantar aponeurosis

Question 23

what does the plantar aponeurosis help with?

Answer 23

the shape of the arch because it is really tight

Question 24

what divides the foot into compartments?

Answer 24

plantar aponeurosis

Question 25

name the four compartments of the foot

Answer 25

medial lateral central interosseus

Question 26

what is the midline of the foot?

Answer 26

2nd toe

Question 27

name the four intrinsic muscles of the foot that the medial plantar nerve innervates

Answer 27

flexor digitorum brevis abductor halucis flexor hallucis brevis 1st medial lumbrical

Question 28

how many muscles are intrinsic to the foot?

Answer 28

18

Question 29

what nerve innervates 14 of the intrinsic foot muscles?

Answer 29

lateral plantar nerve

Question 30

what are the roots that innervate ALL intrinsic foot muscles?

Answer 30

S23

Question 31

the tibial nerve after passing through tarsal tunnel turns into what?

Answer 31

medial plantar nerve | lateral plantar nerve

Question 32

the medial plantar nerve then divides into what in the foot?

Answer 32

common and proper digital nerve

Question 33

median plantar nerve gives sensation to what digits?

Answer 33

medial 3.5 digits

Question 34

what does the lateral plantar nerve divide into?

Answer 34

deep and superficial nerve

Question 35

what does the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve do

Answer 35

innervate intrinsic foot muscles

Question 36

what does the superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve do?

Answer 36

sensation to lateral 1.5 digits

Question 37

the sural nerve gives sensory to what portion of the foot?

Answer 37

lateral side

Question 38

the saphenous nerve gives sensation to what part of the foot?

Answer 38

medial side

Question 39

the posterior tibial artery divides into what?

Answer 39

lateral and medial plantar arteries

Question 40

the medial plantar artery gives rise to what?

Answer 40

superficial and deep branches

Question 41

the medial plantar artery of the foot serves what toe?

Answer 41

big toe

Question 42

the lateral plantar artery gives rise to what?

Answer 42

deep plantar arch

Question 43

the deep plantar arch of the lateral plantar artery anastamoses with what?

Answer 43

deep plantar artery from the dorsalis pedis

Question 44

the deep arch of the lateral plantar artery gives rise to what two things?

Answer 44

plantar metatarsal arteries and the digital branches

Question 45

the lateral plantar artery feeds what toes?

Answer 45

2-5

Question 46

the subtalar joint allows for what two movements?

Answer 46

eversion and inversion of the foot

Question 47

what is the important ligament of the subtalar joint?

Answer 47

interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

Question 48

the subtalar needs help to lead to eversion and inversion...what other joint helps with it?

Answer 48

transverse tarsal joint

Question 49

the transverse tarsal joint is between what four bones

Answer 49

calcaneous articulates with cuboid | talus articulated with navicular

Question 50

what is the ligament that supports the transverse tarsal joint?

Answer 50

bifurcate ligament

Question 51

name the four muscles that help the integrity of the arch of the foot

Answer 51

tibialis posterior and anterior fibularis longus flexor hallucis longus

Question 52

name the ligaments that help the integrity of the arch

Answer 52

calcaneonavicular ligament long plantar ligament plantar aponeurosis

Question 53

where does calcaneonavicular ligament span from?

Answer 53

sustentaculum tali of calcaneus to the navicular bone

Question 54

where does long plantar ligament span from?

Answer 54

from calcaneus to cuboid

Question 55

plantat fasciitis is the inflammation of what part of the arch of the foot?

Answer 55

plantar aponeurosis and muscles arising from calcaneus