Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSK Week 3 > Knee and Shin > Flashcards

Knee and Shin Flashcards

1
Q

which of the tibia and fibula is lateral? which is medial?

A

fibula is lateral

tibia is medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which of the tibia or fibula is mainly used for weight bearing?

A

tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which of the tibia or fibula is mainly a site for muscle attachments?

A

fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the tibia have proximally?

A

lateral and medial condyles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what attaches at the tibial tuberosity?

A

patellar tendon of the leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the medial distal projection of the tibia?

A

medial malleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are tibfib attached by?

A

interosseus membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what two things does the tibia articulate with distally?

A

fibula and the talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the area between the two proximal femoral facets of the tibia?

A

anterior and posterior intercondylar areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what attaches in the anterior and posterior intercondylar areas?

A

cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is the knee joint weak or strong joint?

A

considered a weak mechanical joint…hence the many injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what muscle is most important in stabilizing the knee joint?

A

quadriceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the quadriceps tendon expands laterally across the knee joint…what is this called?

A

patellar retinaculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the medial and lateral ligaments of the knee called?

A

lateral and medial collateral ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the medial collateral ligament fuses with what in the knee?

A

the medial meniscus…so if you injure one you likely will injure the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

name the two internal ligaments of the knee

A

anterior an dposterior cruciate ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do the cruciate ligaments join?

A

femur and tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

is the ACL relaxed or tightened when knee is flexed?

A

relaxed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

is the ACL relaxed or tightened when knee is extended ?

A

tight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does the ACL prevent from happening?

A

knee hyperextension by femur sliding too far posteriorly

in other words it prevents the anterior displacement of the tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what position does ACL rupture occur in usually?

A

when knee is extended and it gets over rotated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what else often gets torn with the ACL? what is the name of this?

A

medial meniscus and MCL

called the unhappy triad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the sign of an ACL tear? explain

A

anterior drawer sign where you displace the tibia anteriorly from the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

does the PCL relax or tighten during flexion of the knee?

A

tighten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what does the PCL prevent?
femur sliding anterior to tibia or tibia displacing posteriorly
26
what is the sign with PCL tears?
posterior drawer sign where tibia can be pushed posteriorly
27
what is the role of the knee menisci?
shock absorbers of the knee
28
what is the motion that injures the menisci of the knee?
torsional twisting of the knees
29
what is the issue with menisci? what does this lead to when injured?
dont have much blood supply so will need surgery more often
30
what is the medial meniscus firmly attached to?
MCL
31
what is between the LCL and the lateral meniscus?
popliteus muscle tendon
32
which of the medial and lateral meniscus is more mobile?
lateral
33
the popliteal artery gives off three branches...name them
anterior tibial posterior tibial fibular artery
34
what are the two branches of the sciatic nerve?
tibial nerve | common fibular nerve
35
where does the sciatic nerve branch?
at knee joint
36
tibial nerve innervates all the muscles in what leg compartment?
posterior
37
the common fibular nerve divides into what?
superficial fibular nerve | deep fibular nerve
38
what does the deep fibular nerve provide innervation to?
anterior compartment of the leg
39
what does the superficial fibular nerve provide innervation to?
deep compartment of the leg
40
name the four compartments of the lower leg
lateral compartment anterior compartment posterior deep compartment superficial deep compartment
41
what divides the lower leg into compartments?
crural fascia
42
what is the biggest muscle in the superficial posterior group?
gastrocnemius
43
what muscle is deep to the gastrocnemius muscle in the superficial posterior group of muscles?
soleus
44
what do the soleus and gastrocnemius attach to? what is the tendon called?
calcaneal tuberosity...via the achilles tendon
45
is the gastrocnemius or soleus more fast twitch?
gastrocnemius
46
what is soleus more used for compared to gastrocnemius?
strolling...endurance movement
47
what is the plantaris muscle?
small muscle in the superficial posterior group of muscles...has a very long thin tendon
48
what is the tendon of the plantaris muscle often used for?
repairing a torn achilles tendon
49
what nerve innervates the gastrocnemius and soleus?
tibial nerve
50
what are the nerve roots of the tibial nerve that innervate the calf muscles
S1 and S2
51
name the three muscles of the deep posterior group
flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior
52
what is the action of the popliteus?
flexor of the knee...unlocks it when extended
53
what are the three actions of the deep posterior group of lower leg muscles?
plantarflex the ankle flex the toes invert the foot
54
what is the main action of the flexor hallucis longus?
flex big toe
55
what is the main action of the flexor digitorum longus?
flexes toes
56
what is the main two actions of the tibialis posterior?
plantarflex and invert foot
57
what gap do the tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longis, and flexor digitourm pass through into the foot?
tarsal tunnel
58
is the tarsal tunnel on lateral or medial side of the foot
medial
59
what roots of the tibial nerve innervate tibialis posterior?
L45
60
what roots of the tibial nerve innervate flexor digitorum longus?
S23
61
what roots of the tibial nerve innervate flexor hallucis longus?
S23
62
what are the branches of the popliteal artery that serve the knee?
genicular arteries
63
name the three branches of the popliteal artery as it goes into the lower leg
anterior tibial artery posterior tibial artery fibular artery
64
the anterior tibial artery feeds what compartment of the leg?
anterior leg compartment
65
the posterior tibial artery feeds what compartment of the leg?
posterior leg muscles
66
the fibular artery feeds what compartment of the leg?
lateral compartment
67
which branch of the popliteal artery goes into the tarsal tunnel?
posterior tibial artery
68
name the five things that traverse the tarsal tunnel
``` tibialis posterior tendon flexor digitorum longus tendon posterior tibial artery tibial nerve flexor hallucis longus tendon ```
69
the superficial fibular nerve provides sensation to what portion of the foot?
dorsum or top of foot
70
the deep fibular nerve provides sensation to what portion of the foot?
between big toe and 2nd toe
71
name the two muscles in the lateral compartment of the lower leg
fibularis longus | fibularis brevis
72
what is the action of the fibularis longus and brevis?
evertors of the foot
73
describe the passage of the fibularis brevis tendon in the foot?
through the groove on the bottom of the cuboid bone and inserts into base of 1st metatarsal
74
where does the tendon of the fibularis brevis insert?
base of 5th metatarsal
75
what nerve innervates the fibularis longus and brevis?
superficial fibular nerve
76
what nerve roots innervate the fibularis longus and brevis?
L5 and S1
77
name the three muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg
tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus
78
what nerve innervates the anterior muscles of the lower leg?
deep fibular nerve
79
what nerve roots innervate the anterior leg muscles of the lower leg?
L45 and S1
80
the anterior tibial artery becomes what in the foot?
dorsalis pedis artery
81
if you cannot feel the dorsalis pedis pulse...what does this likely mean for patient?
occlusive vascular disease in more proximal vessels of the leg
82
what causes drop foot?
muscles of anterior compartment are weakened or paralyzed
83
what type of injury can lead to a drop foot?
disc herniation affecting L45 roots
84
when someone walks with drop foot what happens?
hyperflex hip to swing leg through gate cycle and foot slaps the ground because cant dorsiflex foot and prevent hard drop
85
what nerves can be damaged and lead to drop foot?
deep fibular nerve or common fibular nerve
86
what are the five Ps of compartment syndrome?
``` pallor parasthesia pulselessness paralysis pain out or proportion ```
87
what causes compartment syndrome?
excessive swelling in a muscular compartment of the lower leg that leads to neurovasculature being compressed
88
what makes up the articulation of the ankle joint?
distal tibia and fibula and the talus
89
what does the distal part of the tibia and fibula form around the talus?
mortise
90
is the trochlea of the talus wider posteriorly or anteriorly?
anteriorly
91
since the talus is wider anteriorly, is the ankle more stable is dorsiflexion or plantarflexion?
dorsiflexion because wider part gets farther into the mortise
92
what are the three ligaments of the lateral ankle?
anterior talofibular calcaneofibular posterior talofibular
93
the medial ligaments of the ankle are called what?
deltoid ligaments
94
what is the most common lateral ankle ligament to be sprained?
anterior talofibular ligament

MSK Week 3 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions