Anterior Segment Flashcards
(12 cards)
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Risk Factors
●CL wear / Contamination / Superficial Trauma / Recent Cold / Diabetes / Steroids / Blepharitis
Symptoms
●Acute Redness / Discomfort / Discharge / Crusting of eyelids.
Signs (Slit Lamp)
●Lid crusting / Purulent or mucopurulent discharge / Conjunctival Hyperemia / Mild Papillae Tarsal Conjunctiva. (CORNEA USUALLY CLEAR)
Viral Conjunctivitis
Risk Factors
●Flu like symptoms / Poor hygiene.
Symptoms
●Acute Redness / Discomfort / Watering.
Signs (Slit Lamp)
●Watery discharge / Conjunctival hyperemia and chemosis / Follicles on tarsal conjunctiva / Sometimes corneal involvement with punctate epithelial lesions the persistent sub epithelial lesions.
Chlamydial Conjunctivitis
Risk Factors
●Young Adults / Sexual Activity
Symptoms
●Not Acute, usually symptoms + 2 weeks / Gritty eyes and sticky discharge / Drooping upper eyelid / usually unilateral.
Signs (Slit Lamp)
●Lid Oedema + Ptosis / Hyperaemia and chemosis / Large Follicles / Corneal involvement (usually superior) with epithelial keratitis / subepithelial infiltrates / marginal infiltrates / Superior pannus.
DermatoConjunctivitis
Risk Factors
●Topical Ophthalmic Medication / Cosmetics.
Symptoms
●Initial improvement in treated condition then apparent deterioration / Irritation / Ocular Pain / Stinging / Burning / Photophobia / Ocular Redness / Lid swelling / Blurred vision.
Signs (Slit Lamp)
●Diffuse punctate staining of cornea AND/OR conjunctiva / Poor tear film / occasional corneal oedema / stromal infiltrates.
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Risk Factors
●History of Allergies.
Symptoms
●Eyelid swelling / Ocular Itching.
Signs (Slit Lamp)
●Lid Oedema / Chemosis / Watery or Mucus discharge / usually no papillae / No corneal involvement
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Causes
●Violent coughing/ sneezing, straining, vomiting
●Trauma - roughly rubbing the eye, foreign body
Risk factors
●Some blood thinning medication, diabetes, hypertension, blood-clotting disorders
Symptoms
●Bright red patch on the white of eye
●No change in vision, no discharge and no pain
●May experience mild scratchy feeling on front of eye.
Signs (Slit Lamp)
•Red patch of blood under conjunctiva
•Almost always unilateral
Corneal Ulceration
●Corneal epithelium is an excellent barrier to infection.
●Viral
●Bacterial
●Other
●Acanthamoeba
●Sterile
Bacterial Corneal Ulcer
Bacterial Corneal Ulcer
●Commonly Linked to CL wear / Ocular Surface Disease / Trauma / Topical Steroids / Lid Margin Infection.
Symptoms
●Moderate to severe Pain / Redness / Photophobia / Discharge / Blurring / Awareness of White or yellow spot.
Signs
●Corneal Lesion / Lid Oedema / Watery OR sticky discharge / Redness / Infiltrates.
Acanthamoeba Keratitis
●Rare (Contact lenses)
●Pain (Worse than eye appearance would suggest)
●Early – Infiltrates / epithelial breakdown.
●Late – Corneal inflammation / hypopyon.
Marginal Keratitis
Marginal Keratitis
●Associated with Blepharitis
●‘Sterile’ Peripheral corneal Ulcer
Lubricate
●Lid Hygiene
●(Antibiotics / steroids)
Episcleritis
Risk Factors
●Systemic Inflammatory disease / Recurrence / HZO / 40s – 50s.
Symptoms
●Acute red eye usually unilateral / mild ache or burning / tender to touch / watering.
Signs
●Episcleral hyperaemia
Iritis – Anterior Uveitis
Risk Factors
●Systemic Inflammatory disease / Prior infection / over 20 years of age / antigen HLA-B27 positive.
Symptoms
●Sudden (at initial episode) Pain / Photophobia / Redness / decreased vision / watering.
Signs
●Circumcorneal Hyperaemia / KPs / Aqueous cells and flare / sometimes raised IOP / Posterior synechiae (beware pupil block and iris bombe) / iris nodules.
