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2nd shift lecs > anti aging > Flashcards

anti aging Flashcards

1
Q

target of anti-aging products

A

dermis

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2
Q

Intrinsic

A

not affected by externa factors

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3
Q
  1. Telomere shortening
  2. ↑ Cell senescence: Cell aging
  3. ↓ Hormones
  4. ↑ Mitochondrial DNA damage and ↑ Reactive oxygen
    species (ROS)
  5. Protein damage
A

process of aging: intrinsic

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4
Q
  • increased cell senescence
  • As the cell divides, the _______ shortens until
    the cell or chromosomes can no longer divide
A

telomere shortening; telomere

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5
Q
  • Structures made from DNA sequences and proteins
  • Found at the ends of chromosomes
  • Cap and protect the end of a chromosome
  • Required for cell division
A

telomere

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6
Q

↑ Cell senescence

A

Cell aging

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7
Q

cell loses the capability to replicate and grow, then eventually die

A

cell senescence

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8
Q
  • The damage that we see in cells happens because of oxidative reaction
  • Changes in hormonal levels that result to protein damage
A

↑ Mitochondrial DNA damage and ↑ Reactive oxygen species (ROS)

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9
Q

The damage that we see in cells happens because of ___________

A

oxidative reaction

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10
Q

aging is slow continuous and reversible (t or f)

A

F; irreversible

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11
Q

degeneration of elastin, and loss of hydration

A

thinning of dermis

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12
Q
  • Growth and differentiation of skin are still there
  • Epidermal and dermal junction is has ridges and
    curves
    > Facilitates the transfer of nutrients
    from the dermis to epidermis
A

Epidermis: young skin

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13
Q
  • Epidermal atrophy
    >Cells multiply to a lesser extent
  • Smoothened epidermal and dermal junction
    >Harder to transfer nutrients
A

Epidermis: aged skin

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14
Q
  • Organized collagen and elastin fibers
  • Vascular tissue present
A

Dermis: young skin

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15
Q
  • Dermal atrophy
    >Collagen and elastin are reduced

○ Reduced vascular tissue
>Less available nutrients for multiplying cells

A

Dermis: aged skin

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16
Q

Extrinsic

A

affected by external components

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17
Q

One of the external factors that can lead to skin aging

A

sun

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18
Q
  1. ↑ Protease activity and ↓ TIMP activity → direct protein damage
  2. Amino acids (H, Y, W, F, C) → direct protein damage
  3. Direct DNA damage → Formation of ROS → Indirect DNA and Protein damage
A

process of aging: extrinsic

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19
Q

Acceleration of intrinsic aging due to exposure to
environmental factors

A

Primary factors: UV radiation and smoking Also pollution

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20
Q
  • Coarse skin with wrinkles
  • Hyperpigmented areas,
  • Sallowness
  • Increased fragility
  • Textural roughness
  • Telangiectasia (Spider veins)
A

physiological changes due to extrinsic factors

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21
Q

causes photoaging (extrinsic aging)

A

UVA

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22
Q

cleansing and moisturizing

A

epidermis

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23
Q

Naturally-sourced ingredients with multiple effects (antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, boost collagen
production and etc.)

A

botanical extracts

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24
Q
  • Bioactivity can vary
  • Discoloration of product
  • Costly
  • Constituents depend on growing conditions, climate, weather, harvesting, and extraction methods
  • Used in very small amounts
A

problems of botanical extracts

25
Q

Antioxidants

A

coffee

26
Q

Photoprotection

A

black tea

27
Q

Calming & anti-inflammatory

A

chamomile

28
Q

Skin lightening

A

blueberry

29
Q

Skin tightening

A

witch hazel

30
Q

Emollient

A

jojoba oil

31
Q
  • Stop oxidation processes
  • Protect cells from damage by neutralizing free radicals
A

antioxidants

32
Q

Include
- vitamins C, B3, and E;
- grapeseed extract,
- resveratrol,
- coenzyme Q10

A

antioxidants examples

33
Q
  • May stimulate collagen production
  • Preserve hyaluronic acid levels
  • Exert anti-inflammatory effects
A

antioxidant actions

34
Q

Most antioxidants act as _____________

A

reducing agents

35
Q
  • Applied topically or as injectables
  • Has anti-inflammatory, wrinkle reduction, skin firming, smoothening, moisturizing, and protective effects
A

Peptides and proteins

36
Q

can trigger the production of protein

A

peptide sequence
- protein subunits

37
Q
  • Collagen
  • Elastin
  • Hydrolyzed wheat
  • Soy protein
  • Neuropeptides like botulinum toxin (Botox)
A

examples of peptides and proteins

38
Q

Botox stimulates the release of acetylcholinesterase
(t or f)

A

blocks

39
Q
  • Promote desquamation
  • Lipophilic molecules that can penetrate the epidermis and enter the dermis
  • Improve surface roughness and age spots,
  • Reduce fine lines by decreasing collagen breakdown
  • Downside: Can irritate the skin & cause photosensitization
A

retinoids

40
Q
  • Retinyl esters
  • Retinol
  • Retinaldehyde
  • Retinoic acid (pang drugs na; not allowed in
    cosmetics)
A

Examples of retinoids

41
Q
  • Naturally-occurring organic carboxylic acids
A

Hydroxy acids

42
Q
  • Alpha-hydroxy acids / AHAs
  • Beta-hydroxy acids / BHAs
  • Poly-hydroxy acids / PHAs
  • Bionic acids / BAs
  • Aromatic hydroxy acids / AMAs
  • Promote exfoliation, moisturization, anti inflammatory, and anti-oxidative
A

Examples of hydroxy acids

43
Q
  • Lactic acid
  • Glycolic acid
  • Malic acid
  • Tartaric acid
  • Citric acid
A

AHAs

44
Q

AHA that has dual benefit: moisturizing and exfoliant

A

Lactic acid

45
Q

Photosensitivity associated with the use of retinoids and AHAs is reversible (t or f)

A

T

46
Q

Chemical peels

A
  1. Superficial peels
  2. Medium-depth peels
  3. Deep peels
47
Q
  • superficial peels
  • Surface desquamation
  • Reaches the epidermis only
  • Mild retinoids (retinol)
  • AHAs
A

superficial chemical peels

48
Q
  • Damage entire epidermis and to reach the upper dermis
  • Not included sa scope ng cosmetic products
A

medium-depth peels

49
Q
  • Wound the mid-dermis
  • Protein coagulation and complete peeling of
    epidermis with restructuring of basal layer and restoration of dermis
A

Deep peels

50
Q

Lipophilic components penetrate the epidermis
and dermis better (t or f)

A

T

51
Q
  • Liposomes
  • Niosomes
  • Solid nanoparticles and nanostructures lipid carriers
A

Delivery systems

52
Q
  • incorporate active ingredients into the
    vesicle for enhanced penetration of the actives (penetration of the actives)
  • Microscopic spherical vesicles with lipid bilayer structure
  • May be incorporated with hydrophilic and hydrophobic actives (Polar and NonPolar)
  • Act as moisturizer - because of phospholipid
  • May shorten formulation shelf-life
  • Permeation is greater with liposomal encapsulation
  • Eliminates irritation and optimizes dosage
  • Greater concentration and residence time in the
    epidermis and dermis for prolonged release
  • Protects encapsulated material from metabolic
    degradation
  • Reduces systemic absorption
A

liposomes

53
Q
  • Spherical vesicles made of bilayer nonionic surfactants
  • Accommodates active ingredients with wide range of solubility
  • No moisturizing effect (no phospholipids)
  • Have better oxidative stability than liposomes
A

niosomes

54
Q
  • Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)
  • Matrix consists of one solid lipid
A

1st generation

55
Q
  • Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)
  • Provides more space to host the drug molecule
  • Matrix consists of a blend of solid & lipid liquid
A

2nd generation

56
Q
  • Provides light coverage, UV protection, hydration, and anti-aging benefits
  • Lighter than foundation but heavier than tinted
    moisturizer
A

BEAUTY BALM OR BLEMISH BALM (BB)

57
Q
  • Address skin discoloration, dullness, or sallowness
  • Contain light-diffusing particles and antioxidants
  • Offer SPF protection
A

COLOR CORRECTING (CC)

58
Q
  • Combines benefits from BB and CC creams with primary focus on anti-aging
  • Help target appearance of wrinkles
A

DAILY DEFENSE OR DYNAMIC DO-ALL (DD)

2nd shift lecs (21 decks)

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